Nutrients
-
The association of dietary cholesterol intake with dyslipidemia and subtypes is controversial. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary cholesterol intake with dyslipidemia and subtypes in Chinese adults. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2015, the present study selected 4383 participants aged 18-59 years who were free of diabetes, apoplexy, and myocardial infarction disease. ⋯ The lowest prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and LDL-hypercholesterolemia was 6.7% and 9.4%, respectively, which was relative to a dietary cholesterol intake level of 100.0 to <150.0 mg/day. After adjusting for all potential confounders, adults with the highest dietary cholesterol intake level of ≥500 mg/day compared with the dietary cholesterol intake of 100.0 to <150.0 mg/day showed one-time higher odds of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratios (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.3-3.3), as well as LDL-hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.0), but a null association of dietary cholesterol intake with dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and HDL-hypocholesterolemia. The study suggested that a dietary cholesterol intake level of 500 mg/day and above may be a threshold point for high odds of hypercholesterolemia and LDL-hypercholesterolemia.
-
Review
Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy. Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. ⋯ GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD conditions.
-
The effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) for the management of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has been recently questioned. We performed a systematic review to update evidence on L. reuteri for treating AGE in children. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library databases, and additional data sources from January 2016 (end of search for our 2016 systematic review) to August 2019. ⋯ Compared with placebo or no treatment, L. reuteri reduced diarrhea duration (four RCTs, n = 347, mean difference, MD -0.87 days, 95% CI [-1.43, -0.31]). L. reuteri use was also associated with a reduced duration of hospitalization (three RCTs, n = 284, MD -0.54 days, 95% CI [-1.09, 0.0]). The small effect sizes of limited clinical relevance and methodological limitations of the included trials should be noted when interpreting these findings.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
New Zealand Bitter Hops Extract Reduces Hunger During a 24 h Water Only Fast.
Intermittent fasting improves metabolic and cardiac health. However, increased hunger towards the end of the fasting period may affect compliance and limit its application. Our aim was to determine the effect of anorexigenic agent co-therapy on subjective ratings of appetite during the 16-24 h period of a day-long water-only intermittent fast. ⋯ From 18-24 h of the 24 h fast, both the HD and LD treatment groups exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) > 10% reduction in hunger. Additionally, the expected lunchtime increase in hunger that was present in the placebo group (12:00 h) was absent in both the HD and LD groups. These data suggest that appetite suppressant co-therapy may be useful in reducing hunger during intermittent fasting, and show that bitter compounds may regulate appetite independently of meal timing.
-
We appreciate the interest and comments from Dr [...].