Ann Trop Paediatr
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About 20% of children admitted during the study period had febrile convulsions, of which 5% were aged below 5 months or above 5 years. The study confirms the view that there is a strong familial predisposition in febrile seizures. Major causes of the rise in temperature in those studied included malaria, which accounted for 32.7%, followed by bronchopneumonia (16.8%), measles (15.4%), otitis media (13.4%) and tonsillitis (10.5%). The morbidity and mortality could be attributable to the socio-cultural background of the community which practices modes of therapy that are often detrimental to the health of patients.
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We report here on a child who over a period of 8 years was admitted several times to hospitals in different states of Nigeria based on fictitious illnesses described by his mother. The child had various unnecessary, expensive and invasive investigations followed by treatment with harmful drugs. The evolution of this case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy is described in order to alert paediatricians in developing countries to a problem which is described frequently in more affluent societies. We believe this is the first such case to be recorded in West Africa.
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A follow-up study was conducted in six community health centres during the period April 1989 to March 1990 to determine the risk factors which influence neonatal survival in central Sudan. The estimated neonatal mortality rate ranged between 20.0 and 36.0 per 1000 live births per year, and the major cause of death was tetanus neonatorum (29% of neonatal deaths). The mortality rate was lowest when tetanus toxoid was received during pregnancy and the umbilical cord was cleaned by a modern hygienic method (mortality rate of 11 per 1000). ⋯ The population attributable risks were high, and the preventable factors collectively accounted for 93.5% of neonatal mortality. Safe deliveries and wider immunization coverage are needed to control neonatal tetanus in this community. Other interventions to lower neonatal mortality in central Sudan should include accessible family planning programmes and measures to lower the incidence of low birthweight.
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An outbreak of skeletal infections associated with neonatal Klebsiella septicaemia seen over a 6-month period at the Special Care Baby Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan is reported. It involved 12 neonates, and the significant antecedent events included perinatal asphyxia, fetal distress and prolonged rupture of membranes. ⋯ The epidemic coincided with a period of severe water shortage which affected the hospital. The probable nosocomial acquisition of the infection is highlighted.
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A system has been established to document births and deaths in children in a large, rural, West African population, using community reporters. Causes of death in children under the age of 5 years were investigated using post-mortem questionnaires completed by field assistants. There was a marked seasonal incidence of all major causes of death with peak rates in the rainy season. ⋯ Other major causes of death were malaria, acute gastro-enteritis and chronic diarrhoea with malnutrition. Mortality from all the major causes of death decreased with increasing village size. Our findings have implications for interventions against childhood mortality.