Arch Pediat Adol Med
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Jun 2007
Caregivers' responses to pain in their children in the emergency department.
To explore physiological and anxiety responses of caregivers who witness a venipuncture being performed on their child and the effects of caregivers' responses on child pain and distress. ⋯ Caregivers witnessing an intravenous cannulation in their child had elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety. These responses predicted child pain and distress. Future studies should evaluate interventions designed to decrease distress responses in caregivers.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Apr 2007
Comparative StudyEarly social-communicative and cognitive development of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders.
To compare the early social-communicative development of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with that of younger siblings of children with typical development, using parental report and child-based measures. ⋯ The weaker performance found for children in the ASD sibling group may represent early-emerging features of the broader autism phenotype, thus highlighting the importance of developmental surveillance for younger siblings.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Apr 2007
Comparative StudyMaternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders.
To explore the association between maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. ⋯ Advanced maternal and paternal ages are independently associated with ASD risk.
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To describe the magnitude of off-label drug use, to identify drugs most commonly used off-label, and to identify factors associated with off-label drug use in children hospitalized in the United States. ⋯ Most patients hospitalized at tertiary care pediatric institutions receive at least 1 medication outside the terms of the Food and Drug Administration product license. Substantial variation in the frequency of off-label use was observed across diagnostic categories and drug classes. Despite the frequent off-label use of drugs, using an administrative database, we cannot determine which of these treatments are unsafe or ineffective and which treatments result in substantial benefit to the patient.