Pediatr Crit Care Me
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Jan 2015
Clinical Characteristics Associated With Postoperative Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.
Children with congenital heart disease have loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function, which increases their risk for postoperative sepsis and organ dysfunction. We do not understand how postoperative cardiopulmonary support or the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass might alter intestinal epithelial barrier function. We examined variation in a panel of plasma biomarkers to reflect intestinal epithelial barrier function (cellular and paracellular) after cardiopulmonary bypass and in response to routine ICU care. ⋯ Children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for repair or palliation of congenital heart disease are at risk for intestinal injury and often present with evidence for loss of intestinal epithelial integrity preoperatively. Greater severity of illness requiring increased cardiopulmonary support rather than the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass seems to mediate late postoperative intestinal epithelial barrier function.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Observational StudyCardiac Preload Responsiveness in Children With Cardiovascular Dysfunction or Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Multicenter Observational Study.
To characterize cardiac preload responsiveness in pediatric patients with cardiovascular dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy using global end-diastolic volume index, stroke volume index, cardiac index, and extravascular lung water index. ⋯ This study provides "normal" values for global end-diastolic volume index and limits of cardiac preload responsiveness in pediatric patients with cardiovascular dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy: 1.33 times normal global end-diastolic volume index represents the upper limit of patent cardiac preload responsiveness, with the highest expected responsiveness being below 0.67 times normal global end-diastolic volume index. The maximum response of the Frank-Starling relationship and therefore the level of no additional preload reserve is 1.33 to 1.51 times normal global end-diastolic volume index. Above 1.51 times normal global end-diastolic volume index preload responsiveness is unlikely, and the risk of pulmonary edema is maximal.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Jan 2015
Observational StudyMitochondrial Dysfunction in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Pediatric Septic Shock.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been linked to immune dysregulation and organ failure in adult sepsis, but pediatric data are limited. We hypothesized that pediatric septic shock patients exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction within peripheral blood mononuclear cells which in turn correlates with global organ injury. ⋯ Mitochondrial dysfunction was present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pediatric sepsis, evidenced by decreased bioenergetic reserve and increased uncoupling. Mitochondrial membrane potential, but not respiration, was associated with duration of organ injury.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Jan 2015
Observational StudyPediatric Critical Care Physician-Administered Procedural Sedation Using Propofol: A Report From the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium Database.
Increasing demand for pediatric procedural sedation has resulted in a marked increase in provision of pediatric procedural sedation by pediatric critical care physicians both inside and outside of the ICU. Reported experience of pediatric critical care physicians-administered pediatric procedural sedation is limited. We used the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database to evaluate a multicenter experience with propofol by pediatric critical care physicians in all settings. ⋯ Pediatric procedural sedation using propofol can be provided by pediatric critical care physicians effectively and with a low incidence of adverse events.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Jan 2015
The Use of an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation Laboratory Protocol Is Associated With Decreased Blood Product Use, Decreased Hemorrhagic Complications, and Increased Circuit Life.
To determine if a comprehensive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation anticoagulation monitoring protocol results in fewer hemorrhagic complications, reduced blood product usage, and increased circuit life. ⋯ We demonstrate an association between an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation anticoagulation laboratory protocol using anti-factor Xa assays, thromboelastography, and antithrombin measurements and a decrease in blood product transfusion, a decrease in hemorrhagic complications, and an increase in circuit life. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate clinical benefit associated with the use of these laboratory values for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.