Rev Epidemiol Sante
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Rev Epidemiol Sante · Mar 1998
[Demographic study of ages and causes of death which contribute to gender disparities in life expectancy--case of Switzerland (1969-1993)].
In Switzerland, women live about six years more than men. The purpose of our study was to measure and describe the respective contributions of the various age groups and causes of death to the difference in life expectancy at birth between men and women. ⋯ Any attempt to reduce gender mortality disparities would involve the modification of a number of etiological factors, including biological factors or those linked to lifestyle.
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Rev Epidemiol Sante · Jan 1995
[Hospital discharge planning and length of hospital stay in elderly patients admitted through the emergency department].
A prospective study was organized in two teaching hospitals in Paris, including 426 elderly patients aged 75 and more, who had been hospitalized through the medical emergency department. The goal of the study was to assess the influence of difficulties of orientation at discharge on the length of stay, independently of other risk factors. The mean length of stay was 18.3 +/- 15.4 days. ⋯ Multivariate analysis showed that discharge toward a social or a nursing care institution was the first explanatory factor, explaining 12% of variance. These results suggest that the hospital discharge management has a major influence on the elderly length of hospital stay. Therefore, an interdisciplinary care management, including social and geriatric evaluation as soon as the patient is admitted at the emergency department, should be evaluated, in order to avoid problems of orientation that may occur at discharge.
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Despite a continuous search for safer and more efficacious vaccines, adverse events continue to occur following vaccine administration. Adverse events are usually mild. Serious adverse events that could result in death or permanent sequelae are extremely rare. ⋯ Since immunization is sometimes mandatory with vaccines usually administered to healthy individuals and their benefits expanded to the community at large, adverse events are difficult to accept. Primary objectives of vaccine-associated adverse events surveillance is the early detection and appropriate and quick response to such events in order to lessen the negative impact on immunization programs and on the health of the individuals. Specific aspects of vaccine postmarketing surveillance are presented.