Brain Stimul
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Flexible and precisely timed motor control is based on functional interaction within a cortico-subcortical network. The left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is supposed to be crucial for anticipatory motor control by sensorimotor feedback matching. ⋯ The present data support the hypothesis that left PPC is causally involved in right hand anticipatory motor control exceeding pure motor implementation as processed by M1 and possibly indicating subjective timing. Since M1 tDCS particularly affects motor implementation, the observed PPC effects are not likely to be explained by alterations of motor-cortical excitability.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates intrinsic and evoked EEG dynamics.
The integration of EEG recordings and transcranial neuromodulation has provided a useful construct for noninvasively investigating the modification of human brain circuit activity. Recent evidence has demonstrated that focused ultrasound can be targeted through the human skull to affect the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials and its associated spectral content. ⋯ Focused ultrasonic energy can alter EEG oscillatory dynamics through local mechanical perturbation of discrete cortical circuits.
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Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) reduces Parkinson disease (PD) motor symptoms but has unexplained, variable effects on mood. ⋯ PD participants diagnosed with current mood or anxiety disorders are more sensitive to STN DBS-induced effects on mood, possibly indicating altered basal ganglia circuitry in this group.
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Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a new non-invasive technique to modulate spinal cord activity. The pathophysiological concept of primary RLS proposes increased spinal excitability. ⋯ This is the first tsDCS study in idiopathic RLS, which resulted in short-lasting clinical improvement. Furthermore, our results support the pathophysiological concept of spinal cord hyperexcitability in primary RLS and provide the basis for a new non-pharmacological treatment tool.