Ideggyogy Szemle
-
Review
[The role of neuronavigation in the assessment and surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy].
For localizing the epileptogenic zone in cases of focal epilepsies detailed clinical investigations, imaging studies and electrophysiological methods are in use. In lesional epilepsies the intrapreoperative localization of the lesion and it's location to the eloquent cortex is essential for the neurosurgeon. ⋯ Neuronavigation brought changes in preoperative evaluation and in resective surgery in epilepsy as well. In this article we describe the basics of neuronavigation and enhance the advantages of the technique in epilepsy surgery during the presurgical evaluation with invasive electrodes, in resective surgery and DBS for epilepsy.
-
The group or profile of elementary neuromotor patterns is different from the primitive reflex group which is now called the "primitive reflex profile." All these elementary neuromotor patterns are characterized by a high degree of organization, persistence, and stereotypy. In many regards, these patterns are predecessors or precursors of from them the specific human motor patterns which appear spontaneously later as crawling, creeping, sitting, and walking with erect posture. On the basis of our experiences it can be stated that the elementary neuromotor patterns can be activated in all neonates and young infants as congenital motor functions. ⋯ All can be activated in primates. These reflexes have short durations and contrary to elementary sensorimotor patterns occur only once in response to one stimulus, e.g., one head drop elicits one abduction-adduction of the upper extremities correlated to adduction and flexion of the lower extremities to a lesser degree with the Moro reflex. Elementary neuromotor patterns are much more complex and most of them including elementary walk may be elicited as early as the 19th-20th gestational week, though less perfectly than later.
-
A detailed information on the quantitative and qualitative features and the regional distribution of the current neurological services at the national level is necessary for the planning of health care provision for the future. We present the characteristics of the current neurological services analyzing the database of the National Health Insurance Fund for 2009. This database is exceptionally large and detailed compared to similar data sources in Europe. ⋯ The gross mean income of a 30-hour-per-week average neurological outpatient practice based on performance reports was 871 thousand HUF (about 4350 USD or 3160 EUR) per month. In recent years the neurological capacities significantly decreased and fragmented, do not correspond regionally to the number of population to be served, and their profitability does not cover the conditions of self sufficient operation. This analysis will help health care providers and decision makers to recognize and address the current problems and design the neurological health care system for the coming years.
-
Case Reports
[Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: description of the syndrome in connection with the first Hungarian patient].
In the majority of cases, anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis is a severe, but treatable disorder, therefore early diagnosis and adequate therapy are very important. It should be suspected in children and young women, who develop acute psychiatric symptoms and seizures. During the course of the disease severe encephalopathy, agitation, hallucinations, orofacial dyskinesias, prolonged cognitive disturbance, autonomic symptoms can be observed and akinetic mutism develops. ⋯ Elevated protein, pleiocytosis and oligoclonal bands can be present in the CSF Detection of NMDA-receptor antibodies in sera or CSF confirms diagnosis. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl, who fully recovered within two months after steroid treatment and repeated plasma exchange. Ovarian teratoma has not been detected.