Mikrobiyol Bul
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Pneumocystis carinii is one of the most common causative agents of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, but the problems in the laboratory diagnosis of the disease frequently leads to diagnosis according to the response to medical treatment. In this study, the presence of P. carinii was investigated in immunocompromised patients who were presenting with the clinical symptoms of atypical pneumonia, by Gomori methenamine silver staining (GMS), direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) methods. ⋯ Twelve of the samples (22.6%) were found to be positive by nPCR, 6 of them (11.3%) were found to be positive by DFA, while only one of them (1.8%) was positive by GMS staining method. As a result, for the appropriate treatment and prophylaxis of P. carinii infections, PCR which is a rapid and reliable diagnostic test should be used for diagnosis.
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Acinetobacter spp. have a special role in nosocomial infections. They usually colonize intensive care units and cause infections. Multiple antibiotic resistance is observed to be an important problem in Acinetobacter isolates in recent years. ⋯ The resistance rates of the strains against studied antibiotics were found as follows; 31.2% for netilmicin, 44.6% for sulbactam-cefoperazone, 53.6% for imipenem, 59.8% for amikacin, 59.9% for tobramycin, 74% for ciprofloxacin, 78% for gentamicin, 78.3% for ticarcillinclavulanate. 79.5% sulbactam-ampicillin, 82.3% for cotrimoxazole, 84.8% for ticarcillin, 87.3% for piperacillin-tazobactam, 88.1% for ceftazidime and 92.1% for piperacillin. When the isolates obtained from the reanimation unit were compared with the isolates obtained from the other hospital units, a significantly high level of resistance was found from the isolates obtained from the reanimation unit except netilmicin and sulbactam/cefoperazone. The high rate of in-vitro antibiotic resistance of the A. baumannii strains indicated the importance of controlled antibiotic usage and appliance of hospital infection control measures.
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In this study, active human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 infection were investigated in 39 renal and 9 bone marrow/stem cell transplant recipients. For this purpose, the presence of HHV-6 DNA in patients sera have been searched by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). ⋯ Active HHV-6 infection was found to be related with asymptomatic reactivation, graft disfunction and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients, and, fever and graft versus host disease in bone marrow/stem cell transplant recipients. It has been concluded that, the investigation of HHV-6 DNA by nPCR in the transplant sera, was a practical and useful method for the laboratories, in order to diagnose active HHV-6 infection, while HHV-6 IgG antibody detection was also useful for the differential diagnosis of primary infection or reactivation/reinfection, but HHV-6 IgM antibodies has low value to detect active HHV-6 infection.
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In this study we have examined contamination of cosmetics by microorganisms. 14 samples from 64 cosmetics were found bacteria more than normally. 9 of 38 shampoo, 2 of 15 hand cream, 1 of 5 hair cream and 2 of 14 hair tonic have been isolated microorganisms more than 10(3) bacteria. Of 14 isolates were 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 Escherichia coli, 2 Staphylococcus aureus, 5 Bacillus subtilis and 2 Enterobacter. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria were presented in Table 2.