Mikrobiyol Bul
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Multicenter Study
[Investigation of bacterial and viral etiology in community acquired central nervous system infections with molecular methods].
In this multicenter prospective cohort study, it was aimed to evaluate the bacterial and viral etiology in community-acquired central nervous system infections by standart bacteriological culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Patients hospitalized with central nervous system infections between April 2012 and February 2014 were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical information of the patients were collected prospectively. ⋯ These data suggest that multiplex PCR methods may increase the isolation rate of pathogens in central nervous system infections. Existence of mixed pathogen growth is remarkable in our study. Further studies are needed for the clinical relevance of this result.
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Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) such as NS3 protease inhibitors is the first class of drugs used for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment. NS3 inhibitors (PI) with low genetic barrier have been approved to be used in the CHC genotype 1 infections, and in the treatment of compensated liver disease including cirrhosis together with pegile interferon and ribavirin. Consequently, the development of drug resistance during DAA treatment of CHC is a major problem. ⋯ Based on resistance and high resistance mutations, clinically significant mutations were defined in 10/88 (11%) of the patients. Our study shows that it is essential to analyse HCV NS3 protease inhibitors drug resistance before DAA treatment of CHC patients. On the other hand, our results pointed out that analysis of NS5A and NS5B genome region mutations may also be required in the near future.
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Acinetobacter baumannii, an aerobic, non-motile, gram-negative bacterium is an important nosocomial pathogen which shows resistance to the most antibiotics. Carbapenems are the most commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen. However the emergence of resistance against carbapenems in an increasing rate generates serious problems for antimicrobial therapy. ⋯ The rest two pulsotypes [I (n= 1), J (n= 1)] were in close relation with the main cluster. No common outbreak isolate was detected, but the relationship between the majority of the strains pointed out that there was a cross contamination problem in our hospital. In conclusion blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 were detected as predominant genes responsible from carbapenem resistance in our clinical A.baumannii strains, and it was considered that the high prevalence of clones A and B may constitute a threat in terms of hospitalized patients.
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Flu caused by influenza viruses, is a serious public health problem all over the world with its high morbidity and mortality. Therefore World Health Organization (WHO) regularly collects the results of national influenza surveillance, evaluates the results and shares them on international portal. Thus, it provides the possibility of rapid prevention and preparation of countries that needs to be taken on the fight against the epidemic flu. ⋯ Antigenic characterization of influenza A viruses isolated in our laboratory was found compatible with the vaccine strains. In conclusion, surveillance studies are highly important for the determination of the effects of flu on public health and identification of the approaches for fighting with flu. In this sense, influenza surveillance of the countries are required to implement more effectively in an expanded field of scale.
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Throughout the history of mankind, tuberculosis (TB) has caused serious illness and still continues to do so. Archaeobiological studies indicated that TB in humans dates back to 4000-8000 BC, and cases were shown to be due to Mycobacterium bovis subsp.bovis rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, this situation was thought to begin with domestication of animals, consumption of their milk, and living together in the same environment with them. ⋯ The strains isolated from the first and third cases were found to be susceptible to streptomycin (STR), isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and ethambutol (EMB), while the strain isolated from the second case was susceptible to STR, INH and RIF, but resistant to EMB. All of the three isolates were resistant to pyrazinamide. As a result, it was concluded that large-scaled and attentive monitoring of TB infections in animals, as well as searching for M.bovis subsp. bovis in TB cases, especially in high-risk groups would be essential for an accurate diagnosis.