Arch Ophthalmol Chic
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Arch Ophthalmol Chic · Jul 1989
Disinfection of Goldmann tonometers against human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Goldmann tonometer tips were inoculated with 5 X 10(5) IU of cell-free or cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (lymphadenopathy virus type 1 isolate) or 10(4) plaque-forming units of herpes simplex virus type 1 (McKrae strain) or type 2 (Hicks strain). In an effort to mimic a "worst case" clinical scenario, each respective virus was allowed to air dry on the tonometer tip for 10 minutes. ⋯ The hydrogen peroxide treatment and the alcohol wipes both completely disinfected the tonometer tips for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, whereas wiping with a sterile gauze or tissue was not effective. Wiping the Goldmann tonometer tip with an isopropyl alcohol swab and then allowing the alcohol to evaporate provides a ready and efficient means of inactivating these three enveloped viruses.
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Arch Ophthalmol Chic · Aug 1986
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialAqueous vs viscous phenylephrine. I. Systemic absorption and cardiovascular effects.
We studied 30 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery to compare the systemic absorption and cardiovascular effects of 2.5% aqueous and 2.5% viscous (21 cp) ophthalmic solutions of phenylephrine hydrochloride. No significant differences were noted in the plasma levels or changes in blood pressure between the two groups, although there was a tendency toward higher mean plasma levels and blood pressures in groups receiving 2.5% aqueous phenylephrine hydrochloride. Maximum plasma levels were achieved within the first 20 minutes following topical application of phenylephrine eye drops, irrespective of the nature of the vehicle. ⋯ The patients in our study were supine and under general anesthesia. Therefore, there was no effect by lid blinking, the lacrimal pump, or gravity, which would ordinarily increase absorption by the nasal mucosa through the nasolacrimal system. By eliminating these variable factors, such as lid blinking, the study was performed in a stable and controlled manner, but the results may not be directly applicable to an upright awake patient.