Resp Res
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The clinical-radiographic distinction between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is challenging. We sought to investigate the gene expression profiles of IPF and NSIP vs. normal controls. ⋯ Comprehensive gene expression profiling in explanted lungs identifies distinct transcriptional profiles and differentially expressed genes in IPF and NSIP, supporting the notion of NSIP as a standalone condition. Potential gene and protein markers to discriminate IPF from NSIP were identified, with a prominent role of senescence in IPF. The finding of a subgroup of IPF patients with transcriptional features of both NSIP and senescence raises the hypothesis that "senescent" NSIP may represent a risk factor to develop superimposed IPF.
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Probiotics could prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in lower respiratory tract (LRT) and reduced P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate. Recent studies also suggested that probiotics could improve lung inflammation in mice infected with P. aeruginosa. It seems that microbiota regulation may be a potential therapy for P. aeruginosa VAP patients. However, we know less about the LRT microbial composition and its correlation with prognosis in P. aeruginosa VAP patients. This study aimed to characterize LRT microbiota in P. aeruginosa VAP patients and explore the relationship between microbiota and patient prognosis. ⋯ LRT microbial composition was diversified among P. aeruginosa VAP patients, forming two clusters which were associated with the primary diseases of the patients.
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Blood eosinophils have been suggested as a potential biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and their stability over time has been investigated in a few studies. However, the association between the stability of blood eosinophils and long-term clinical outcomes in COPD patients has yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of blood eosinophils and its association with clinical outcomes in COPD patients. ⋯ Patients with persistently high blood eosinophils had a better survival rate than those with persistently low blood eosinophils. Serial follow-up of blood eosinophils could help to predict outcomes in COPD patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Circulating microRNAs and prediction of asthma exacerbation in childhood asthma.
Circulating microRNAs have shown promise as non-invasive biomarkers and predictors of disease activity. Prior asthma studies using clinical, biochemical and genomic data have not shown excellent prediction of exacerbation. We hypothesized that a panel of circulating microRNAs in a pediatric asthma cohort combined with an exacerbation clinical score might predict exacerbation better than the latter alone. ⋯ This combined circulating microRNA-clinical score model predicted exacerbation in asthmatic subjects on inhaled corticosteroids better than each constituent feature alone.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium versus salmeterol/fluticasone in the prevention of clinically important deterioration in COPD: results from the FLAME study.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease and a composite endpoint could be an indicator of treatment effect on disease worsening. This post-hoc analysis assessed whether indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) 110/50 μg once daily reduced the risk of clinically important deterioration (CID) versus salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC) 50/500 μg twice daily in moderate-to-very severe COPD patients from the FLAME study. ⋯ IND/GLY reduced the risk of CID versus SFC. CID had a significant impact on long-term exacerbation outcomes in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD and a history of ≥1 exacerbations in the previous year.