Rev Pneumol Clin
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature infants. BPD was first described by Northway in 1967 as a chronic respiratory condition that developed in premature infants exposed to mechanical ventilation and high oxygen supplementation. DBP is currently defined by the need for supplemental oxygen at 28 days of life (mild BPD) and at the 36 weeks of post-menstrual age (moderate and severe BPD). ⋯ Regarding its pathophysiological mechanisms, it is now established that BPD is a complex disease combining genetic susceptibility and environmental injuries. The identification of genetic variants involved in BPD is a potential source of innovative development in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Indeed, no curative or effective prophylactic therapeutic exists and BPD treatment is currently symptomatic.
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The improvement over the last two decades in the treatment of cystic fibrosis led to an increase in life expectancy approaching 40 years at birth. Logically, the population of adult patients has been increasing and is currently 50% of patients followed in France. These therapeutic advances have justified the establishment in 2003 of a generalized neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis. ⋯ While treatments available so far goal consequences of cystic fibrosis, a new therapeutic class to correct the functional defect of the mutated protein, called CFTR modulators, is emerging. Ivacaftor, leader of this new class, belonging to the category of "CFTR potentiator" got its access on the market in September 2012 for patients carrying the G551D mutation. New other molecules, named "CFTR correctors" which can have synergistic effect with ivacaftor and concern patients carrying the most common mutation--DF 508--are under development.
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Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease. The respiratory functional tests are sometimes insufficient to confirm the diagnosis. Other tools are developed to estimate the bronchial inflammation such as tests of bronchial provocation, measure of exhaled nitric oxide, induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate. This review presents these non-invasive methods, approaches their interests on the identification of the disease and the treatment.
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Inhalation of foreign bodies is rare in adults. Inhalation of scarf pin is a phenomenon more frequent in the female population in Morocco. The aim of our study was to describe the characteristics of this particular foreign body and illustrate the circumstances and consequences of its inhalation. ⋯ The scarf pin is a foreign body especially more common in women who wear the Islamic veil. Flexible bronchoscopy is an essential means of therapy, but the best preventive treatment is avoiding to put in the mouth sharp objects.
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Comparative Study
[Comparison of home-based and outpatient, hospital-based, pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic respiratory diseases].
The comprehensive care and personalized pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) of patients with chronic respiratory disease is effective regardless of the place of performance. The objective of this prospective observational study was to compare two types of care in an outpatient rehabilitation center, versus a home-based PR. ⋯ The PR of chronic respiratory unselected patients is as safe and effective at home or in outpatient center on exercise tolerance and quality of life. Home-based PR is an alternative to outpatient care as long as all activities, physical training, therapeutic education and psychosocial support, are achieved.