Ann Acad Med Singap
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 2024
ReviewClinical performance of automated machine learning: A systematic review.
Automated machine learning (autoML) removes technical and technological barriers to building artificial intelligence models. We aimed to summarise the clinical applications of autoML, assess the capabilities of utilised platforms, evaluate the quality of the evidence trialling autoML, and gauge the performance of autoML platforms relative to conventionally developed models, as well as each other. ⋯ A myriad of autoML platforms have been applied in a variety of clinical contexts. The performance of autoML compares well to bespoke computational and clinical benchmarks. Further work is required to improve the quality of validation studies. AutoML may facilitate a transition to data-centric development, and integration with large language models may enable AI to build itself to fulfil user-defined goals.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 2024
ReviewThe impact of media reporting of suicides on subsequent suicides in Asia: A systematic review.
This systematic review is aimed at (1) evaluating the association between media portrayals of suicides and subsequent copycat suicides or attempts among the general public in Asia, (2) understanding the factors associated with copycat suicides and (3) determining the positive impacts of the media reporting of suicides (e.g. increased help-seeking, coping). ⋯ Media portrayals of suicide appear to have a negative impact on copycat suicides at the population level in Asia. Thus, in addition to tighter media control, healthcare systems, professional medical bodies and community outreach services should work collaboratively to promote early help-seeking in those with psychological distress.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 2024
Comparative StudyHealth practices, behaviours and quality of life of low-income preschoolers: A community-based cross-sectional comparison study in Singapore.
Children from low-income (LI) families often suffer from poor health, with sub-optimal health practices. This cross-sectional study examined the differences in health habits and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of LI preschool children compared to non-low-income preschool peers (PPG). ⋯ Low-income children have poorer health practices, receive less preventive paediatric care, and utilise more emergency services for acute illnesses. These findings are important for developing interventions that work towards improving the health of LI children.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 2024
Review Practice GuidelineSingapore tuberculosis (TB) clinical management guidelines 2024: A modified Delphi adaptation of international guidelines for drug-susceptible TB infection and pulmonary disease.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains endemic in Singapore. Singapore's clinical practice guidelines for the management of tuberculosis were first published in 2016. Since then, there have been major new advances in the clinical management of TB, ranging from diagnostics to new drugs and treatment regimens. The National TB Programme convened a multidisciplinary panel to update guidelines for the clinical management of drug-susceptible TB infection and disease in Singapore, contextualising current evidence for local practice. ⋯ The panel updated recommendations on the management of drug-susceptible TB infection and disease in Singapore.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 2024
Mitigating adverse social determinants of health in the vulnerable population: Insights from a home visitation programme.
Low-income families are exposed to adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial risks that impact child development. At the KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore, Kids Integrated Development Service (KIDS0-3) is a home visitation programme that aims to optimise the development of children from low-income families. ⋯ Psychosocial risks impact the development of children from low-income families in Singapore. Findings underscore the importance of early, integrated intervention for vulnerable families.