Ann Acad Med Singap
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Jul 1994
Specialist anaesthetic training and certification process in England.
Specialist accreditation in anaesthesia in the United Kingdom currently requires a minimum of six years recognised training after full medical registration. In future, the training programme will become more structured, with more emphasis on regular in-training assessment, and attempts are being made to reduce the overall training period. ⋯ It is one of the first postgraduate bodies to introduce the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) into its examination structure. A more formal programme of Continuing Medical Education is also being considered.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Jul 1994
Specialist training and certification process for anaesthesiologist in Japan.
Anaesthesiology is the first medical specialty in Japan to be legislated for training and certification by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Japanese Society of Anaesthesiologists (JSA) is the regulating body since 1960. Consultants or independent specialists in anaesthesiology are known as Diplomates of the Board of JSA. ⋯ This national examination system has a written, oral, on-site evaluation and demonstration of research by credit accumulation. Presently, 34% of post-anaesthesia trainees are Diplomates and this is an increasing trend. Recertification is mandatory with continued medical education as the Diplomate status is valid for 5 years only.
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The American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) has been in existence since 1937 for the purpose of advancing the practice of anaesthesiology in the United States. It is a credentialling organization which requires anaesthesiology residency training, medical licensure, and successful completion of written and oral examinations in order for an individual physician to be granted a diploma. Residency training requires four years and must culminate with a satisfactory certificate of clinical competence. ⋯ The ABA also issues subspecialty certificates in critical care medicine and pain management. There is a voluntary mechanism for diplomates to demonstrate continuing qualifications. This is accomplished by peer review and a written examination.
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Animal anaesthesia is a wide and varied subject considering the great number of available animal models, each having its characteristic tolerance and reaction to anaesthesia and its behavioural peculiarity. It is more often than not that experimental researchers tend to give scant attention to animal anaesthesia in the preparation of a research protocol as a result of which their research findings can become difficult or impossible to interpret. This article outlines the fundamental anaesthetic requirements and techniques in various animals and the practices adopted by the Department of Experimental Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. Consideration in the choice of anaesthetic drugs in various animal models and experimental situations, and problems of animal handling before and after anaesthesia are highlighted.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 1994
Review Case ReportsPalliative care in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): problems and practicalities.
The World Health Organisation estimates that over 1.5 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have occurred to date in South and South East Asia. As most of these patients will develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the coming decade, health services in the region face a major challenge in meeting their needs. ⋯ Based on the author's experience with the Central Sydney Area Palliative Care Service in Sydney, Australia, this paper discusses the problems and practicalities involved in palliative care for adult patients with advanced AIDS, such as clinical decision making, pain and other symptom control, psychosocial issues and terminal care. Representative case histories are described to illustrate how the palliative care physician can start to approach some of the dilemmas created by this demanding yet growing area of palliative care.