Arch Intern Med
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Most studies of the cause of sepsis syndrome focus on patients hospitalized in intensive care units. In this study, we analyzed the incidence, cause, and outcome of the sepsis syndrome in all hospitalized patients. ⋯ Patients fulfilling the criteria for the sepsis syndrome are at great risk of developing septic shock or multiple-organ failure and subsequently dying. In our hospital, the majority of bacteremic episodes were associated with gram-positive microorganisms.
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Despite the strong association between hypertension and accelerated atherosclerosis, and the known beneficial clinical effects of beta-blockers in patients with coronary artery disease, antihypertensive trials of beta-blockers have shown only modest protection against fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction. This review explores the explanations put forth for this apparent failure of beta-blockers. It also examines the clinical relevance of the metabolic effects of beta-blockers within the framework of the heterogeneity of this class of drugs. ⋯ There are no data to show a quantified effect on clinical outcome of the lipid and glucose changes associated with beta-blocker therapy. The metabolic influence of these drugs varies considerably within the class and may be of little clinical relevance. Unless it is contraindicated, an appropriate beta-blocker should be considered for the treatment of hypertension in patients who have coronary artery disease or who are at high risk for coronary artery disease.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a dramatic, costly, and often futile intervention whose appropriate use is under scrutiny. Physicians often ask patients and families to make decisions about resuscitation for themselves or loved ones. Clinical variables and personal beliefs may influence physician recommendations about CPR. ⋯ These findings suggest that most physicians are thoughtful and discriminating in their recommendations to patients about CPR. Patient's wishes are of paramount importance, followed by physician judgment of medical utility. However, physicians do overestimate the efficacy of CPR and may thus misrepresent the potential utility of this therapy to patients and their families.