Arch Iran Med
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of biliary drainage before pancreaticoduodenectomy on postoperative outcomes. ⋯ PBD is not associated with anastomotic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Wound infection, delayed gastric emptying and intraabdominal hemorrhage were significantly associated with PBD. Preoperative bilirubin level had no effect on these results. In subgroup analysis, in patients undergoing drainage, if bilirubin falls below 5 mg/dL, the risk of wound infection was still high in patients with bile duct diameter>8 mm.
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Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver failure and liver transplantation. The known risk factors of this disease include blood transfusion, injection drug use, high risk sexual behaviors, tattoos, and use of shared blades and syringes. Due to the higher risk of viral hepatitis among people in prison, this study was done to find the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and associated risk factors in Lakan Prison in Rasht. ⋯ The present study shows that hepatitis C is prevalent in prisons and preventive and screening programs should be implemented with necessary training for inmates.
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Biological drugs are manufactured via some changes made to the living organisms by genetic engineering. Notably, biological drugs are very expensive and their importation can impose economic pressure, especially on poorer countries. ⋯ On the other hand, the poor economic situation of Iran due to repeated sanctions has had a great impact on the health care system, which has prevented the allocation of sufficient financial resources in this regard. Therefore, manufacturing biosimilar drugs due to their lower cost has received much attention in various fields of treatment.
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A limited number of headache disability indices exist that can evaluate and manage different disabilities related to headache among Iranian patients. ⋯ The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the HDI were confirmed. This questionnaire can explore the disabilities of Persian-speaking people with headache disorders.
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a heterogonous disorder with complex etiology. The frequency of autosomal recessive inheritance defects was elevated in a consanguineous family. ⋯ PTRHD1 has been recently introduced as a candidate ID and Parkinsonism causing gene. Our findings are in agreement with the clinical spectrum of PTRHD1 mutations; however, our affected individuals suffer from ID manifestations.