Arch Iran Med
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This study investigated how the parents' personality disorders may be related to substance use disorder in children and adolescents. ⋯ The findings suggest that in designing preventive programs for substance use, the personality characteristics of the parents need to be taken into account.
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Meta Analysis
Psychological Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Iranian Randomized Trials.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common health problem, with considerable effects on the individual's quality of life, mental health, work productivity, and financial aspects. Psychological interventions, which are commonly used as adjunct treatments, have received fairly strong empirical support. In Iran, several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy of these treatments; however, the results of these RCTs have not been synthesized yet. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize the results of these trials on the efficacy of psychological interventions in Iranian adults with IBS. ⋯ The existing evidence suggests that psychological interventions can be highly effective in improving the severity of IBS symptoms, mental health, and quality of life for Iranian adults with IBS. However, some weaknesses should be considered in the interpretation of the results and future research. The risk of randomization was high or unclear in almost all of the existing trials; there was no single large trial in this area; and there was substantial inconsistency in the EFs, which might be related to methodological or clinical moderators.
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Stroke is one of the most common debilitating diseases. Although effective treatment is available, a golden time has been defined in this regard. Therefore, prompt action is needed to identify patients with stroke as soon as possible, even in the pre-hospital stage. In recent years, several clinical scales have been introduced for this purpose. We performed the present study to examine the accuracy of eight clinical scales in terms of stroke diagnosis. ⋯ Based on the findings of the present study, highly sensitive tests that can be used in this regard are Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS), Face-Arm-Speech-Time (FAST), and Med PACS, all of which have about 95% sensitivity. On the other hand, none of the studied tools were desirable (specificity above 95%) in any of the examined cut-offs.
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Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), presenting with the softening of the walls of trachea and bronchi, can cause respiration problems. Despite the importance of TBM, data on its prevalence and related factors are limited. In the current study, the prevalence and predictive factors of this illness were investigated. ⋯ The findings of the present study suggest that the presence of anthracotic plaques can be considered as a possible predictive factor for TBM.
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The heterogeneous nature of hematopoietic sarcoma has restricted the diagnosis and treatment of this disease to the extent that annually, several patients lose their lives. Given the lack of comprehensive epidemiologic information on the incidence of hematopoietic sarcoma in the Iranian population, we designed the present study to evaluate the distribution pattern of this disease. ⋯ The resulting data provided a valuable perspective on the distribution pattern of hematopoietic sarcoma in Iran; however, further studies are required to confirm these results.