Arch Iran Med
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Epidemiological research on the high-risk population might be helpful in early detection and prevention of biliary tract malignancies. This study assesses the prevalence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) in the Golestan province, northeastern Iran, between 2004 and 2016. ⋯ The focus for cancer control in this region may be given to demographic groups with a combination of risk factors, including male gender, older age, and urban residence.
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Several studies have revealed that the aberrant expressions of forkhead box (FOX) genes are associated with carcinogenesis. However, the crucial biological functions of the FOX gene in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain unknown. ⋯ The FOX genes have a strong correlation with the poor prognosis for survival, tumor immunity, cancer-associated pathways, and biochemical processes that cause the pathogenesis of COAD.
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Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death. Despite the great burden, there is lack of data regarding the trend of cigarette smoking in Iran. We described the national and provincial prevalence of cigarette smoking and its 12-year time trend utilizing six rounds of Iranian stepwise approach for surveillance of non-communicable disease (STEPS) surveys. ⋯ Although the prevalence of smoking had a decreasing trend in Iran, this trend showed disparities among sexes and provinces and this epidemiological data can be used to modify smoking prevention programs.