Arch Iran Med
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Following recent sanctions on foreign trade, financial and banking services, Iran has faced major difficulties for importing medicines (both finished products and pharmaceutical raw materials) and medical devices. Problems with money transfer have made it extremely lengthy in time to import medicine and medical devices and these have negatively affected access to and affordability of medicines. Quality of pharmaceuticals and treatment of patients have also been affected due to changing the sources of imported medicines and raw materials for locally produced pharmaceuticals. ⋯ It is also suggested that defining a white list of Iranian pharmaceuticals and medical device companies together with their foreign counterparts would facilitate this process. It appears that, in a public health prospective, ordinary people and patients are hurt and paying the cost for current sanctions. It remains the responsibility of the public health and international communities to separate public health from politics and to ease the pain of public from sanctions.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate keratinization as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic changes of oral epithelial cells among smokers, opium addicts and non-smokers through exfoliative cytology technique. ⋯ The results of this study indicate different rates of epithelial cell keratinization in oral cavity among smokers, opium addicts and non-smokers. Also, our results suggest a possible relationship between the number of cigarettes per day, daily opium consumption and an increase in the rate of cellular proliferation of oral mucosal cells. The present study indicated a decrease in cellular diameter as well as an increase in nuclear diameter and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio in smears taken from both smokers and opium addicts compared to non-smokers.
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A large body of evidence suggests that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor plays a key role in the regulation of emotional behaviors. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of CB1 agonist and antagonist on anxiety-like behaviors in the lateral septum (LS) region of the rat brain using elevated plus maze test. ⋯ The results suggest that the cannabinoid system of the lateral septum modulates anxiety-like behavior through CB1 receptor.
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To study the efficacy of extramembranous transfer of the tibialis posterior (posterior tibial) tendon for the treatment of drop foot deformity in children. ⋯ Extramembranous transfer of the tibialis posterior tendon is a quite successful method in retrieving active dorsiflexion of the foot in patients with drop foot deformity. It is a method which eliminates the need for orthosis and enhances the quality of life of patients.
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The morbidity of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (UGC) has increased. This study was aimed to explore the factors which may influence the therapeutic strategies and prognosis of UCG. Additionally, long-term prognosis of laparoscopic and open surgeries of UGC was comparatively investigated. ⋯ Radical resection surgery is recommended in pT2 stage UGC. There is no difference for the long-term prognosis between laparoscopic surgery (cholecystectomy) and open surgery of UCG.