Arch Iran Med
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The requests for blood products in elective surgeries exceed actual use, leading to financial wastage and loss of shelf-life. In this study, we assessed the blood transfusion indices in elective surgeries performed in the operating rooms. ⋯ The results of this study showed a high quality blood transfusion practice in cardiac surgeries, possibly due to more focus on this critical ward. Assessing difficulties in the process of reservation, utilization, and preparation of standard protocols and policies are required to improve the blood utilization practice in operating rooms.
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The scarcely reported hematogenous rectal metastases from breast cancer are rare and the diagnosis is challenging. They may be recognized before, concomitantly with, or after the diagnosis of the primary site of breast cancer. Invasive lobular cancer is the histological type more frequently described, and most of the affected patients have a late diagnosis. ⋯ We describe a middle-aged woman with advanced rectal metastases of unsuspected breast cancer found during the evaluation of manifestations due to intestinal implants. One must highlight long-term follow-up of breast cancers even if seeming in remission. The aim of this report is to enhance the suspicion index of primary health care workers.
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The newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to involve different organs, including the cardiovascular system. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 cardiac complications and calculated their pooled incidences. Secondarily, we compared the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level between the surviving and expired patients. ⋯ COVID-19 can affect different parts of the heart; however, the myocardium is more involved.
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Clinical immunology and its subset topics are rather newly emerging medical fields in Iran as well as other developing countries. Primary immunodeficiency diagnosis and treatment were revolutionized in the late 1970s; a period of time that coincided with the establishment of the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at the Children's Medical Center, Tehran. Subsequently, the launch of fellowship training programs (in 1988), the development of a national Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Registry (in 1999), the inauguration of Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (in 2009), and recently, the national primary immunodeficiency network (in 2016) significantly changed the picture of disease management during the last 40 years. In this review, we seek to elucidate the most important past events, current challenges and future directions regarding the field of primary immunodeficiency.