Bmc Med
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Smokeless tobacco use is popular in some regions worldwide, but it receives less attention compared to cigarette smoking. We aimed to estimate the recent prevalence of, and trends in, smokeless tobacco use and to examine its associated factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 138 countries/territories (hereafter "countries") from 1999 to 2019. ⋯ Smokeless tobacco use among adolescents remains a public health concern worldwide. Although the prevalence among adolescents decreased in most countries, it remains high especially in the South-East Asian region. More strict and effective strategies and measures are needed to further curb the smokeless tobacco use among adolescents.
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The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is estimated to be more transmissible than previous strains of SARS-CoV-2 especially among children, potentially resulting in croup which is a characteristic disease in children. Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among children might be higher because (i) school-aged children have higher contact rates and (ii) the COVID-19 vaccination strategy prioritizes the elderly in most countries. However, there have been no reports confirming the age-varying susceptibility to the Omicron variant to date. ⋯ Even after adjusting for contact pattern, vaccination status, and waning of vaccine effectiveness, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 tends to propagate more easily among children than the pre-Omicron strains.
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Meta Analysis
Identifying and ranking causal biochemical biomarkers for breast cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study.
Only a few of the 34 biochemical biomarkers measured in the UK Biobank (UKB) have been associated with breast cancer, with many associations suffering from possible confounding and reverse causation. This study aimed to screen and rank all UKB biochemical biomarkers for possible causal relationships with breast cancer. ⋯ Our findings support a likely causal role of genetically predicted levels of testosterone, HDL cholesterol, and IGF-1, as well as a novel potential role of ALP in breast cancer aetiology. Further studies are needed to understand full disease pathways that may inform breast cancer prevention.
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Multicenter Study
Conteltinib (CT-707) in patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, first-in-human phase 1 study.
Conteltinib (CT-707) is a potent second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) showing promising anti-tumor activities in preclinical studies. This study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and efficacy of conteltinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ⋯ In this study, conteltinib showed manageable safety profile, favorable PK properties, and anti-tumor activity in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC patients. The recommended phase 2 dose was determined to be 600 mg QD for ALK TKI-naïve patients and 300 mg bis in die (BID) for patients who received crizotinib previously.
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We performed phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis (MR-PheWAS), two-sample MR analysis, and systemic review to comprehensively explore the health effects of milk consumption in the European population. ⋯ This study suggests several health effects of milk consumption in the European population.