Brit J Hosp Med
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Intraoperative bleeding can be difficult to manage and is associated with worse patient outcomes. Good intraoperative haemostasis by the surgeon is a key factor in ensuring a bloodless field and reducing intraoperative blood loss. ⋯ The decision of which to use will depend on patient and procedural factors as well as the surgeon's preference. This article reviews techniques commonly used in surgical practice to maintain intraoperative haemostasis.
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Ageing impairs liver function and reduces the liver's regenerative capacity. With the predicted increase in the older population, the burden of liver disease will proportionally rise in this age group. ⋯ Therefore, clinicians need to consider individual patient risk factors during the assessment of abnormal liver function tests. This article discusses various liver function tests, their pathophysiology, and the approach to interpret and manage common abnormalities in liver function test results and liver disease in the older population.