Brit J Hosp Med
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Trauma to the face and neck is a frequent reason for emergency department attendance. Imaging is invaluable in the characterisation of such injuries, enabling delineation of fracture patterns as well as identification of vascular and other soft tissue injuries. It may also be used to prevent long-term mortality and morbidity and provide a roadmap for surgical intervention so that form and function may be restored. ⋯ It discusses appropriate imaging modalities for each trauma category, describes major patterns of craniofacial trauma on cross-sectional imaging and identifies clinically relevant imaging features that should trigger subspecialist review or be of relevance to pre-surgical planning. It starts with the upper third comprising frontal sinus fractures before describing the component fractures of the middle third (including nasal, zygomaticomaxillary and orbital fractures) and then focusing on the lower third (specifically mandibular and dentoalveolar fractures). The article concludes with a review of soft tissue injuries of the neck, particularly penetrating, blunt and laryngeal trauma.
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Nasogastric tubes are used frequently in surgical patients for bowel decompression, provision of enteral nutritional support and preventing aspiration of gastric contents. There is no conclusive research into the risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with nasogastric tube insertion, although evidence from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak appears to suggest that there is no increased risk of transmission. ⋯ In addition, the nasogastric tube can expose the healthcare worker to potentially infectious saliva. Therefore, there is a clear need for increased evidence regarding the risk of transmission associated with nasogastric tube insertion, to ensure that such risks can be mitigated.
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The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2019 has led to unprecedented demand on healthcare systems around the world. Healthcare workers, including doctors, have found themselves having to work in unfamiliar environments in the effort to control this pandemic. This article gives the hospital physician an overview of the radiological manifestations of COVID-19 disease, to improve knowledge and increase familiarity when reviewing radiographic images.
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The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines advise stopping immunosuppressive drugs for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. This may not be in the patient's best interest, given the potential long-term consequences of not managing chronic conditions, and immunosuppression may even be protective in those affected with COVID-19.
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Open fractures incur significant morbidity and mortality, and as such have standardised guidelines for their management. Photography of open fractures is an essential component of documentation in the treatment of open fractures as per the British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. ⋯ Implementation of the protocol was audited and resulted in the increase of safe and secure open fracture photographic storage to inpatient medical records. This protocol would be transferrable to other hospital trusts and could be adopted across major trauma networks.