Brit J Hosp Med
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Case Reports
Novel H1N1 influenza and Panton-Valentine leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia.
The association between seasonal influenza and staphylococcal pneumonia has long been recognized (Chickering and Park, 1919; Roberts et al, 2008), and both meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Panton-Valentine leukocidin S. aureus have been associated with seasonal influenza pandemics (Roberts et al, 2008; Kearns et al, 2009; Murray et al, 2010).
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Patient simulation in all its forms is widely used in clinical education with the key aims of improving learners' competence and confidence, improving patient safety and reducing errors. Understanding its benefits, range of uses and limitations will help clinical teachers improve the learning experience.
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One of the most frequent skeletal injuries to the body is a fracture of the distal forearm or wrist. These injuries commonly arise from a fall onto an outstretched hand. Plain radiographs are the mainstay in the initial evaluation of these injuries. ⋯ However, wrist injuries in particular can be subtle on plain radiographs and therefore difficult to identify. It is essential to identify injuries early so that appropriate management is implemented and early recovery of normal function is seen. This article reviews basic anatomy, classical radiological signs and common distal forearm and wrist injuries.
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Established renal failure is a manageable but incurable problem. Safely transitioning young people from paediatric to adult services remains a major challenge.