Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Oct 2004
ReviewCarnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnea.
Apnea of prematurity is a common problem in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care setting (NICU), often delaying their discharge home or transfer to a step down unit. Premature infants are at increased risk of carnitine deficiency. Carnitine supplementation has been used for both prevention and treatment of apnea. ⋯ Despite the plausible rationale for the treatment of apnea of prematurity with carnitine, there are insufficient data to support its use for this indication. Further studies are needed to determine the role of this treatment in clinical practice.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Oct 2004
ReviewAntipsychotic medication versus placebo for people with both schizophrenia and learning disability.
Antipsychotic medication is the standard treatment for people with learning disability and schizophrenia. ⋯ Using the methods described we found no randomised controlled trial evidence to guide the use of antipsychotic medication for people with both learning disability and schizophrenia. Until the urgent need for randomised controlled trials is met, clinical practice will continue to be guided by extrapolation of evidence from randomised controlled trials involving people with schizophrenia, but without learning disability, and non-randomised trials of those with learning disability and schizophrenia.
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Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pressure ventilation. Doxapram has been used to stimulate breathing and so prevent apnea and its consequences. ⋯ Although intravenous Doxapram might reduce apnea within the first 48 hours of treatment, there are insufficient data to evaluate the precision of this result or to assess potential adverse effects. No long term outcomes have been measured. Further studies are needed to determine the role of this treatment in clinical practice.