Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Respiratory distress syndrome is a serious complication of prematurity causing significant immediate and long-term mortality and morbidity. ⋯ Corticosteroids given prior to preterm birth (as a result of either preterm labour or elective preterm delivery) are effective in preventing respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal mortality. However there is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of repeated doses of corticosteroids in women who remain undelivered, but who are at continued risk of preterm birth.(This abstract has been prepared centrally.).
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2007
ReviewProphylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants.
Intubation is associated with bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract and, therefore, may increase the risk of acquiring an infection. The infection may prolong the need for mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of chronic lung disease. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for all mechanically ventilated newborns in order to reduce the risk of colonisation and the acquisition of infection. However, there is the possibility that the harm this may cause might outweigh the benefit. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to support or refute the use of prophylactic antibiotics when starting mechanical ventilation in newborn infants, or to support or refute continuing antibiotics once initial cultures have ruled out infection in mechanically ventilated newborn infants.
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There can be a high rate of recurrence of disease after initial drug treatment for giardiasis. These drugs also have a range of adverse effects. ⋯ A single dose of tinidazole appears to give the highest clinical cure rate for giardiasis with relatively few adverse effects.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jul 2007
ReviewWITHDRAWN: Rice-based oral rehydration solution for treating diarrhoea.
Oral rehydration therapy is used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhoea. However the rehydration solution does not reduce stool loss or length of illness. A solution able to do this may lessen the use of ineffective diarrhoea treatments as well as improve morbidity and mortality related to diarrhoea. ⋯ Rice-based oral rehydration appears to be effective in reducing stool output in people with cholera. This effect was not apparent in infants and children with non-cholera diarrhoea.
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Although manual removal of the placenta is commonly carried out, opinions differ about the best technique for delivery of the placenta at caesarean section. ⋯ The evidence suggests that manual removal of the placenta at caesarean section may do more harm than good, by increasing maternal blood loss and increasing the risk of infection.