Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
ReviewInterventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation.
Most people who stop smoking gain weight, on average about 7 kg in the long term. There are some interventions that have been specifically designed to tackle smoking cessation whilst also limiting weight gain. Many smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and other interventions may also limit weight gain. ⋯ Behavioural interventions of general advice only are not effective and may reduce abstinence. Individualized interventions, very low calorie diets, and CBT may be effective and not reduce abstinence. Exercise interventions are not associated with reduced weight gain at end of treatment, but may be associated with worthwhile reductions in weight gain in the long term, Bupropion, fluoxetine, nicotine replacement therapy, and probably varenicline all reduced weight gain while being used. Although this effect was not maintained one year after quitting for bupropion, fluoxetine, and nicotine replacement, the evidence is insufficient to exclude a modest long-term effect. The data are not sufficient to make strong clinical recommendations for effective programmes.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
ReviewMechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as motor neuron disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Without mechanical ventilation, death from respiratory failure usually follows within two to five years of the onset of symptoms. ⋯ Evidence from a single randomised trial of non-invasive ventilation in 41 participants suggests that it significantly prolongs survival and improves or maintains quality of life in people with ALS. Survival and some measures of quality of life were significantly improved in the subgroup of people with better bulbar function, but not in those with severe bulbar impairment.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
Parent training interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether parent-training interventions are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms and associated problems (e.g. disruptive behaviour disorders or child-specific impairments such as learning difficulties) in children and young people aged 5-18 with ADHD, compared to controls with no parent-training interventions.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on target sexual behaviour for people who have been convicted or at risk of sexual offending.