Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisEarly (< 8 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants.
Chronic lung disease (CLD) remains a major problem in neonatal intensive care units. Persistent inflammation in the lungs is the most likely underlying pathogenesis. Corticosteroids have been used to either prevent or treat CLD because of their potent anti-inflammatory effects. ⋯ The benefits of early postnatal corticosteroid treatment (
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisHome-based care for reducing morbidity and mortality in people infected with HIV/AIDS.
Home-based care (HBC), to promote quality-of-life and limit hospital care, is used in many countries, especially where public health services are overburdened. ⋯ Studies were generally small and very few studies were done in developing countries. There was a lack of studies truly looking at the effect of home based care itself or looking at significant end points (death and progression to AIDS). However, the range of interventions and HBC models evaluated can assist in making evidence-based decisions about HIV care and support.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisMaternal position during caesarean section for preventing maternal and neonatal complications.
During caesarean section mothers can be in different positions. Theatre tables could be tilted laterally, upwards, downwards or flexed and wedges or cushions could be used. There is no consensus on the best positioning at present. ⋯ There is limited evidence to support or clearly disprove the value of the use of tilting or flexing the table, the use of wedges and cushions or the use of mechanical displacers. Larger studies are needed.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisCorticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia.
Postherpetic neuralgia is a common serious complication of herpes zoster. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory and might be beneficial. ⋯ Corticosteroids given acutely during zoster infection are ineffective in preventing postherpetic neuralgia. In people with acute herpes zoster the risks of administration do not appear to be great. Corticosteroids have been recommended to relieve the zoster-associated pain in the acute phase of disease; if further research is designed to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids for herpes zoster, long-term follow-up should be included to observe their effect on the transition from acute pain to postherpetic neuralgia. Future trials should include measurements of function and quality of life.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisInhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury in children and adults.
Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), defined as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are critical conditions. AHRF results from a number of systemic conditions and is associated with high mortality and morbidity in all ages. Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) has been used to improve oxygenation but its role remains controversial. ⋯ INO cannot be recommended for patients with AHRF. INO results in a transient improvement in oxygenation but does not reduce mortality and may be harmful.