Cochrane Db Syst Rev
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2003
ReviewAntimicrobial drugs for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
Eradication strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are variable. We sought to summarize the evidence for use of antimicrobial agents to eradicate MRSA. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to support use of topical or systemic antimicrobial therapy for eradicating nasal or extra-nasal MRSA. There is no demonstrated superiority of either topical or systemic therapy, or of combinations of these agents. Potentially serious adverse events and development of antimicrobial resistance can result from therapy.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2003
ReviewOral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants.
Rotavirus infection is the most common neonatal nosocomial viral infection. Epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported in neonatal units worldwide. These strains can cause severe symptoms in infected infants. Infection control measures become necessary and the utilisation of hospital resources increase. Local mucosal immunity in the intestine to rotavirus is important in the resolution of infection and protection against subsequent infections. Boosting local immunity by oral administration of anti-rotaviral immunoglobulin preparations might be a useful strategy in preventing rotaviral infections, especially in low birth weight babies. ⋯ Current evidence from one randomised controlled trial does not support the routine use of oral immunoglobulin preparations for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth-weight infants. However, newer immunoglobulin preparations which have been found to be effective in older children have not been tested in neonatal trials. Therefore, researchers should be encouraged to conduct well designed trials in neonates at risk for rotavirus infections using the newer preparations of anti-rotaviral immunoglobulins (colostrum, egg yolk immunoglobulins). Such trials should also include cost effectiveness evaluations.
-
Hirsutism is a distressing and relatively common endocrine problem in women which may prove difficult to manage. Cyproterone acetate, an anti-androgen, is frequently used to treat hirsutism, usually in combination with ethinyl estradiol. ⋯ Cyproterone acetate combined with estradiol results in a subjective improvement in hirsutism compared to placebo. Clinical differences in outcome between cyproterone acetate and other medical therapies were not demonstrated in the studies included in this review. This may be because of the small size of the studies, lack of standardized assessment and lack of objective determinants of improvement in hirsutism. The endocrinological effects of the different drug therapies reflect the mode of action. Larger carefully designed studies are needed to compare efficacy and safety profiles between drug therapies for hirsutism.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2003
ReviewInterventions for replacing missing teeth: bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment.
Dental implants require sufficient bone to adequately stabilise. For some patients implant treatment would not be an option without bone augmentation. A variety of materials and surgical techniques are available for use in bone augmentation. ⋯ There is no evidence from available RCTs supporting superior success with one or other of the alternative techniques examined. There was weak evidence that a non-resorbable membrane was better than no membrane for permitting bone growth about dental implants, and that a resorbable membrane over a bone graft may allow healing with fewer infections than a non-resorbable membrane.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2003
ReviewFamily and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Exposure to other people's cigarette smoke (environmental tobacco smoke, or ETS) is an important child health issue. ⋯ Brief counselling interventions, successful in the adult health setting when coming from physicians, cannot be extrapolated to adults in the setting of child health. There is limited support for more intensive counselling interventions. There is no clear evidence for differences between the respiratory, non-respiratory ill child, well child and peripartum settings as contexts for reduction of children's ETS exposure.