Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewInterventions aimed at decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.
At the end of 1998 over 33 million people were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and over one million children had been infected from their mothers. ⋯ Zidovudine, nevirapine and delivery by elective caesarean section appear to be very effective in decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be transmitted from the mother's genital tract to the newborn during birth and can cause gonococcal opthalmia neonatorum. ⋯ Any of the antibiotic regimens tested in these trials appear to be effective for the treatment of gonorrhoea in pregnancy in terms of their effect on microbiological cure. For women who are allergic to penicillin, this review provides reassurance that treatment with ceftriaxone or spectinomycin appears to be at least as equally effective in producing microbiological cure.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewMaternal antigen avoidance during lactation for preventing atopic eczema in infants.
To assess the effects of prescribing an antigen avoidance diet to lactating mothers of infants with atopic eczema on the severity of the eczema. ⋯ The unimpressive results of this single trial should be interpreted with caution both because of its small size (n=17) and because the trial compared exposure to cow milk and egg with exposure to soya milk (soya can itself be allergenic). Maternal reports of changes in the severity of their breast-fed infants' eczema following ingestion of certain foods should be pursued by performing multiple (preferably double-blinded) challenges and dechallenges with the suspected foods.
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To assess the effects of providing pregnant women with high-protein nutritional supplements on gestational weight gain and on the outcome of pregnancy, including fetal growth, gestational duration, and maternal and fetal/infant morbidity and mortality. ⋯ There is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of high protein supplementation in pregnancy.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Apr 1996
ReviewWITHDRAWN: Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with oligo-amenorrhoea.
The administration of clomiphene citrate is followed by an enhanced release of pituitary gonadotropins resulting in follicular recruitment. After the drug is stopped, there is continuing secretion of estradiol, selection of the dominant follicle and, in successful cases, ovulation. Clomiphene is indicated as the initial treatment in the majority of women with amenorrhoea and oligomennorhoea. In women with irregular ovulation it seems to re-establish typical frequency of ovulation. Its effectiveness in oligo-amenorrhoeic women was tested in a number of randomised controlled trials at that time. These trials form the basis for the following review. ⋯ Clomiphene citrate (at doses between 50 to 250 milligrams per day) appears to be an effective method of inducing ovulation and improving fertility in oligo-ovulatory women. However adverse effects include possible ovarian cancer risk and risk of multiple pregnancy.