Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Traveller's diarrhoea is a syndrome frequently encountered in persons crossing an international boundary. Diarrhoea can lead to significant discomfort and interference with travel plans. Bacterial pathogens are a frequent cause of this syndrome. Several antibiotics have been tested for efficacy in reducing the duration and severity of the illness. ⋯ Antibiotic treatment is associated with shorter duration of diarrhoea but higher incidence of side-effects. Trials generally do not report duration of post-treatment diarrhoea using time-to-event analyses, and should do.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewGonadotropin releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary desensitization in in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer cycles.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are used in assisted reproduction cycles to reversibly block pituitary function and prevent a luteinizing hormone surge. In the short and ultrashort protocols of GnRHa administration, injection of gonadotropins is commenced a few days after the start of GnRHa. In the long protocols (with GnRHa started either in the midluteal phase or in the early follicular phase) gonadotropin administration is delayed until pituitary desensitization has been achieved, usually 2-3 weeks. ⋯ On the basis of clinical pregnancy rate per cycle started, this meta-analysis demonstrates the superiority of the long protocol over the short and ultrashort protocols for GnRHa use in IVF and GIFT cycles.
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In many settings, symphysis-fundal height measurement has replaced clinical assessment of fetal size by abdominal palpation because the latter has been reported to perform poorly. ⋯ There is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of symphysis-fundal height measurements during antenatal care.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewFollicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction cycles.
To conduct a systematic overview of available data comparing FSH and hMG in IVF treatment cycles. ⋯ This meta-analysis demonstrates that in IVF cycles the use of FSH is associated with a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate than hMG.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewKinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants.
This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to recommend kinesthetic stimulation as treatment for clinically significant apnea of prematurity. Previous reviews have suggested that kinesthetic stimulation is not effective at preventing apnea of prematurity (Henderson-Smart and Osborn 1998) and is not as effective as theophylline at treating clinically significant apnea of prematurity (Osborn and Henderson-Smart 1998).