Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewNedocromil sodium for preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
Exercise-induced asthma causes cough, dyspnea, wheeze and chest tightness. Management of focuses on prevention through pharmaco-therapy and alternate strategies. Single use, pre-exercise beta2-agonists and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as the cromones are the most common treatments. ⋯ Nedocromil sodium used before exercise appears to reduce the severity and duration of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. This effect appears to be more pronounced in people with severe exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
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To assess the effects of advising pregnant women to increase their energy and protein intakes on those intakes, on gestational weight gain, and on the outcome of pregnancy. ⋯ Nutritional advice appears effective in increasing pregnant women's energy and protein intakes, but the implications for fetal, infant, or maternal health cannot be judged from the available trials. Given the rather modest health benefits demonstrated with actual protein/energy supplementation (see the Cochrane review of 'Balanced protein/energy supplementation in pregnancy'), however, the provision of such advice is unlikely to be of major importance.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewGradual versus abrupt discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants.
This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. ⋯ The results of this systematic review provide additional evidence linking routine exposure to high ambient oxygen in the early neonatal period to the development of ROP in preterm/LBW infants. However, due to small numbers and historical oxygen monitoring techniques, they provide little assistance to clinicians with regard to the most appropriate method of oxygen weaning, gradual or abrupt, in modern neonatal care settings.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2000
ReviewFurosemide for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in indomethacin-treated infants.
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis mediates closure of the ductus arteriosus and renal side effects after indomethacin administration. Because furosemide increases prostaglandin production, it could potentially help prevent indomethacin-related toxicity but also decrease ductal response to indomethacin. ⋯ There is not enough evidence to support the administration of furosemide to premature infants treated with indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Furosemide appears to be contraindicated in the presence of dehydration in those infants.
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To assess the short-term effects of azathioprine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ⋯ Azathioprine appears to have a statistically significant benefit on the disease activity in joints of patients with RA. This evidence however is based on a small number of patients, included in older trials. Its effects on long-term functional status and radiological progression were not assessed due to lack of data. Toxicity is shown to be higher and more serious than that observed with other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Given this high risk to benefit ratio, there is no evidence to recommend the use of azathioprine over other DMARDs.