Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that involves progressive destruction of the bile ducts. Its prevalence is 4 to 16 cases per 100,000 persons. Its incidence has risen over the last 20 years, with a more than 35% increase in the last 10 years alone. PSC tends to arise in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. It is associated with an increased risk of various types of cancer (13%-14%), most prominently cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). ⋯ There is no causally directed treatment for PSC. Early diagnosis, complication management, and the evaluation of an optimally timed liver transplantation are the main determinants of outcome.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial disease of the lung and has the worst prognosis of all such diseases, with a median survival time of three to four years. Its prevalence is 2-29 per 100,000 persons and its incidence approximately 10 per 100,000 persons per year, with an upward trend. ⋯ IPF has a worse prognosis than many types of cancer. Drugs can delay the progression of the disease but probably cannot bring it to a permanent standstill.
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Case Reports
Cerebral metastases from thyroid carcinoma: complete remission following radioiodine treatment.
Brain metastases arise in roughly 0.9% of all cases of differentiated thyroid cancer. The median survival of adult patients with thyroid carcinoma that has metastasized to the brain is less than one year. Radioactive iodine treatment is only rarely given because its efficacy is not documented. In children, the situation may be different. ⋯ In this patient with multifocal thyroid carcinoma, a rare entity, radioactive iodine treatment was successful as the single treatment. This case illustrates the point that a given therapeutic modality might succeed in an individual case despite a total or near-total lack of efficacy for most patients in the same situation.
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There is no uniform, standardized procedure for the treatment of persons with electrical injuries in Germany. Even if they have no risk factors, such persons are often hospitalized and observed on an intensive care unit because of concern that cardiac arrhythmia might arise some time after the initial accident. We analyzed secondary data to determine the frequency of cardiac arrhythmia in survivors of electrical accidents. ⋯ Even though too few patients were included to permit any definitive conclusions from this retrospective study alone, the present findings accord with the findings of multiple earlier studies implying that asymptomatic, otherwise unharmed patients without any ECG changes may not need to be admitted to the hospital for observation. There should be an evidence-based, standardized procedure for the treatment of patients with electrical injuries, so that these patients can be cared for safely and cost-effectively.
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Celiac disease is an inflammatory disease of, the small intestine with a prevalence of roughly 0.5%-1%. Its symptoms arise in response to gluten consumption by genetically predisposed persons (HLA-DQ2/8). The autoantigen tissue transglutaminase (TG2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. ⋯ An understanding of celiac disease ought to inform everyday clinical practice in all medical disciplines, because this is a common condition with diverse manifestations that can be effectively diagnosed and easily treated for the prevention of both acute and long-term complications. Patients should follow a strictly gluten-free diet for life.