Gac Med Mex
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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes potentially lethal diarrhea. ⋯ CDI represents an important problem in hospitalized patients and confers them an additional morbidity and mortality risk.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a low-grade inflammatory disease of multiple etiology that has a limited conservative management and insufficiently explored. The application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) produces in the applied muscle a temporary, delimitable and reversible flaccid paralysis, which applicated in a strategic way achives to reduce mechanical stress and pain. ⋯ The treatment with BoNT-A provides a conservative and safe option for the management of symptoms and physical restraint caused by hip OA.
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Sleep is defined as a state of unconsciousness, reduced locomotive activity and rapid awakening, and is well established in mammals, birds, reptiles and teleosts. Commonly, it is also defined with electrical records (electroencephalogram), which are only well established in mammals and to some extent in birds. However, sleep states similar to those of mammals, except for electrical criteria, appear to occur in some invertebrates. ⋯ In mammals, sleep is characterized by a brain state that is different from that of wakefulness, which includes a change to slow waves that has not been observed in insects. Herein, we show that the crayfish enters a brain state with a high threshold to vibratory stimuli, accompanied by a form of slow wave activity in the brain, quite different from that of wakefulness. Therefore, the crayfish can enter a state of sleep that is comparable to that of mammals.
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Editorial Historical Article
Gaceta Médica de México es la memoria de la medicina y los médicos de México.