Neurologia medico-chirurgica
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsIntracerebral hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion--four case reports.
Four patients presented with intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion. VP shunt insertion was performed for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (Case 1), hydrocephalus after cerebellar hemorrhage (Case 2), and subarachnoid hemorrhage followed by meningitis (Cases 3 and 4). ⋯ The 7 previous and our 4 patients were divided according to early (within 2 days after shunt placement, n = 6, Group 1) and delayed (5-13 days post-shunting, n = 5, Group 2) hemorrhage. Bleeding was attributable to venous occlusion due to intraoperative manipulation in Group 1, and to the vulnerability of brain tissue induced by a primary brain disease in Group 2.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsTakotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by dobutamine infusion during hypertensive therapy for symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage -case report-.
A 65-year-old female with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) developed takotsubo cardiomyopathy induced by dobutamine infusion for vasospasm 9 days after onset of SAH. She underwent neck clipping of the ruptured cerebral aneurysm on day 1. Course after surgery was uneventful, but she developed motor aphasia on day 9. ⋯ Therefore, generally, cardiac function is worst at the early stage of SAH, when sympathetic activity is highest, and recovers thereafter. Dobutamine infusion seems to have triggered the takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the present patient even 9 days after onset of SAH. Inotropic agents including dobutamine are often used during the course of SAH, and since takotsubo cardiomyopathy can occur in patients with SAH, this complication must be considered.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsCerebral vasospasms after intraventricular hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation: case report.
A 33-year-old female presented with a rare case of severe vasospasm following the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) without subarachnoid hemorrhage. Initial computed tomography (CT) revealed a subcutaneous hematoma and cast formation of intraventricular clots without the deposition of subarachnoid blood in any basal cistern. Cerebral angiography revealed a small AVM located in the right parietal lobe without aneurysmal formations. ⋯ However, she suffered persistent mild right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. The characteristic features of vasospasm after intraventricular hemorrhage from AVMs are delayed onset, acute deterioration of consciousness, female predominance, and localization to the bilateral internal carotid arteries. Treatment of patients with AVM rupture should consider the risk of severe vasospasm, even if there is no subarachnoid clot.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Novel brain model for training of deep microvascular anastomosis.
Models of the brain and skull were developed using a selective laser sintering method for training in the procedures of deep microvascular anastomosis. Model A has an artificial skull with two craniotomies, providing fronto-temporal-subtemporal and suboccipital windows. The brain in Model A is soft and elastic, and consists of the brainstem and a hemispheric part with a detailed surface. ⋯ Model B has an artificial skull with a bifrontal craniotomy and an artificial brain consisting of the bilateral frontal lobes with an interhemispheric fissure and corpus callosum. Rehearsals or training for anastomosis of the callosal segment of the anterior cerebral artery can be practiced through this craniotomy. These realistic models will help to develop skills for deep vascular anastomosis, which remains a challenging neurosurgical procedure, even for experienced neurosurgeons.
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Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2010
Case ReportsDirect relief of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by stimulation in the area above the subthalamic nucleus in a patient with Parkinson's disease--case report.
A 71-year-old woman with a 25-year history of levodopa (LD)-responsive Parkinson's disease (PD) developed on-off motor fluctuation and severe peak dose dyskinesia. She underwent deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). ⋯ LD-induced dyskinesia can also be controlled via reduction of LD dosage as an indirect effect of STN-DBS. The present case provides evidence of the direct antidyskinetic effect of STN-DBS, and suggests that LD-induced dyskinesia can be inhibited by stimulation in the area above the STN.