Neurologia medico-chirurgica
-
For over two decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown significant efficacy in treatment for refractory cases of dyskinesia, specifically in cases of Parkinson's disease and dystonia. DBS offers potential alleviation from symptoms through a well-tolerated procedure that allows personalized modulation of targeted neuroanatomical regions and related circuitries. ⋯ The expansion of our collective knowledge of pathologic brain circuitries, as well as advances in imaging capabilities, electrophysiology techniques, and material sciences have contributed to the expanding application of DBS. This review will examine the potential efficacy of DBS for neurologic and psychiatric disorders currently under clinical investigation and will summarize findings from recent animal models.
-
Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2015
The Effectiveness of the Stereotactic Burr Hole Technique for Deep Brain Stimulation.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is performed by burr hole surgery. In microelectrode recording by multi-channel parallel probe, because all microelectrodes do not always fit in the burr hole, additional drilling to enlarge the hole is occasionally required, which is time consuming and more invasive. We report a stereotactic burr hole technique to avoid additional drilling, and the efficacy of this novel technique compared with the conventional procedure. ⋯ The thicknesses in the additional drilling group were 10.9 ± 0.9 mm compared to 9.1 ± 1.2 mm (p = 0.029) in the non-additional drilling group. There were no differences in the angles between the two groups. The stereotactic burr hole technique contributes to safe and exact DBS, particularly in patients with thick skulls.
-
Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2015
Case ReportsDe Novo Vertebral Artery Dissection after Endovascular Trapping for Ruptured Dissecting Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Case Report.
The authors present an extremely rare case of a 54-year-old female patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a rupture of a dissecting internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm, who developed de novo vertebral artery dissection in the spasm period after endovascular trapping of the ICA. Interestingly, postoperative cardiopulmonary monitoring showed high global end-diastolic volume index and mean arterial pressure, which could contribute to this de novo dissection via hemodynamic stress in the cerebral circulation. Spontaneous intracranial artery dissection of more than two arteries is rare, and we believe this is the first case of de novo dissection occurring on a circulating vessel different from that of the initial dissection. The clinical implications are discussed in relation to postoperative hemodynamic stress with a review of the literature.
-
Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jan 2015
Effectiveness of Endoscopic Surgery for Comatose Patients with Large Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhages.
To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for life-threatening large brain hemorrhage, we reviewed our empirical cases of comatose patients with large supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Among 35 patients with putaminal or subcortical hemorrhage that was evacuated endoscopically, 14 cases (40%) presented both findings of neurological grade IV for severity and hematoma volume exceeding 70 mL in the recent 3 years (endoscope group), whereas 8 cases with the same conditions were treated by conventional craniotomy for the preceding 3-year period (craniotomy group). Between these two groups, mean age was higher and duration of surgery was shorter in the endoscope group, but no significant differences in hematoma size or evacuation rate were recognized. ⋯ Additional ventricular drainage was performed in 7 cases and showed a supplemental effect of reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). Consequently, all patients in the endoscope group were rescued without decompressive large craniectomy, even with symptoms of cerebral herniation. In conclusion, endoscopic surgery has the potential to offer an effective therapeutic option for comatose patients with large supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages, matching conventional craniotomy for emergent treatment in terms of mortality and management of ICP.
-
Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo) · Jun 2014
Risk factors associated with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
We studied the risk factors associated with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The subjects were 370 patients with ruptured aneurysms who fulfilled all of the following criteria: admission by day 2 after onset, operation performed by day 3 by the same surgeon (T. I.), Hunt-Hess grade I-IV, availability of bilateral carotid angiograms acquired by day 2 and repeated between days 7 and 9. ⋯ AV grade III-IV, SV, and cerebral infarction occurred in 57%, 54%, and 39% of the 46 smokers with LVH, and in 43%, 49%, and 35% of the 68 patients who had both LVH and hypertension, respectively. CT-evident SAH, LVH, cigarette smoking, and hypertension are associated with vasospasm. In smokers or hypertensive patients, premorbid LVH appears to predict much more severe vasospasm.