Int J Med Sci
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The interaction between enteral nutrients (ENs) and drugs co-administered through a nasogastric (NG) tube reportedly affects the absorption and resultant plasma concentrations of the respective drugs. However, the gastrointestinal absorption of carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic drug, co-administered with liquid ENs through an NG tube has not been clarified. In this study, we measured the recovery rate (%) of CBZ (Tegretol® powder) passed through an NG tube when co-administered with distilled water or ENs (F2α®, Racol® NF, Ensure Liquid®, and Renalen® LP) of different compositions, frequently used in Japan. ⋯ In conclusion, the co-administration of CBZ with Ensure Liquid® caused a reduction in the absorption of CBZ from the gastrointestinal tract, without adsorption on the NG tube. The administration of Ensure Liquid® 2 h after CBZ is a way to prevent a decrease in plasma CBZ concentration. Our findings suggest that carefully monitoring the plasma levels of CBZ is necessary in co-administation with Ensure liquid® to prevent the unintended effects of the interaction between CBZ and liquid EN.
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Abnormally decreased renal Klotho is linked to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mice.
Aim: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which involves degradation of improperly folded proteins retained in the ER, is implicated in various diseases including chronic kidney disease. This study is aimed to determine the role of ERAD in Klotho deficiency of mice and human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) with renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Methods: Following establishment of a mouse RIF model by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a specific ERAD inhibitor, Eeyarestatin I (EerI), was administered to experimental animals by intraperitoneal injection. ⋯ These observations suggest that UPR was remarkably enhanced in the presence of ERAD inhibition and compensated for excess improperly folded proteins, subsequently contributing to the additional production of mature Klotho protein. Conclusion: ERAD is involved in Klotho deficiency in RIF and its specific inhibition significantly promoted Klotho expression, possibly through enhanced UPR. This may represent a novel regulatory mechanism and new therapeutic target for reversing Klotho deficiency.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide. It involves dysfunction of blood sugar regulation resulting from insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon secretion. Methods: This study collated 971,401 drug usage records of 51,009 DM patients. ⋯ Further, the Bi-LSTM architecture model performed better than support vector machines (SVMs). Discussion & Conclusion: This study found that Bi-LSTM models is a well kernel in a CDSS which help physicians' decision-making, and the increasing the number of seasons will negative impact the performance. In addition, this study found that the most important drug is metformin, which is recommended as first-line treatment OHA in various situations for DM patients.
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Purpose: Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) is a rare malignancy without effective treatment. Since current treatment for unresectable RLPS is unsatisfactory, immunotherapy and targeted therapy are urgently needed. Siglec-15 is a transmembrane protein highly homologous to PD-L1 and is involved in tumor immune escape. ⋯ Conclusion: The DEG and signaling pathways identified in the study could provide a preliminary understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of Siglec-15 in the development and progression of RLPS. High expression of Siglec-15 was a negative independent predictive factor for DFS of RLPS. The negative relationship between Siglec-15 and PD-L1 expression suggested that the Siglec-15 pathway might be an important supplement to PD-L1 treatment.
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This systematic review focuses on using artificial intelligence (AI) to detect COVID-19 infection with the help of X-ray images. Methodology: In January 2022, the authors searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus using specific medical subject headings terms and filters. All articles were independently reviewed by two reviewers. ⋯ Their results and performance should be repeatable to make them dependable for clinicians. Moreover, these additional diagnostic tools should be more affordable and faster than the currently available procedures. The performance and calculations of AI-based systems should take clinical data into account.