Int J Med Sci
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Research on G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in metabolic dysfunction-related steatosis liver disease (MASLD) reveals its potential role in regulating body weight and energy balance. Loss-of-function mutations in the GPR75 gene are significantly associated with lower body mass index and reduced body weight. Studies demonstrate that GPR75 knockout mice exhibit lower fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose homeostasis, and significant prevention of high-fat diet-induced MASLD. ⋯ However, current research primarily relies on mouse models, and its applicability to humans requires further validation. Future studies should explore the role of GPR75 across diverse populations, its clinical potential, and delve into its specific mechanisms and interactions with other metabolic pathways. Ultimately, targeted therapies based on GPR75 could offer novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of MASLD and other metabolic disorders.
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Background: Older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often suffer from both sarcopenia and stress urinary incontinence (SUI), two conditions that can significantly impact their health. However, the relationship between these conditions has not been thoroughly explored. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from older adults aged 50 years or older from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI). ⋯ Conclusions: Sarcopenia and SUI were positively correlated in older Indian adults, regardless of gender. Drinking and a history of hysterectomy may be important influencing factors for both male and female older adults. Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm this association.
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Purpose: CT angiography-source image (CTA-SI) can be used as an effective alternative to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for identifying acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study investigates the reliability of combining CTA-SI with non-contrast CT (NCCT) for AIS diagnosis, with a focus on how different brain areas affect diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Patients with various subtypes of AIS who underwent NCCT, CTA, and DWI from January to December 2022 were included. ⋯ The NCCT+CTA-SI model demonstrated higher lesion detection rate than the NCCT (59.20% vs 48.7%, p<0.05) and CTA-SI model (59.2% vs 45.4%, p<0.05), particularly when detecting large vessel trunk infarction (82.90% vs 58.60%, p<0.05) and deep perforator vessel infarctions (64.80% vs 44.40%, p<0.05). Conclusions: The NCCT+CTA-SI model may be a valuable tool for evaluating AIS when DWI is not feasible. Smaller hospitals might consider adopting this combination for improved stroke diagnosis, highlighting the need for careful evaluation of deep perforator vessel infarction when large vessel trunk infarction is not evident.
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Observational Study
Impacts of Climate Warming on the Body Composition of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.
Background: Climate change, with increasing temperatures, poses a health threat to patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Seasonal variations in body composition have been documented in this population. We hypothesized that climate warming could further exacerbate these effects. ⋯ Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that climate warming is associated with variations in the body composition of MHD patients residing in a subtropical climate. These changes can have implications in MHD patients due to their heightened vulnerability to environmental changes. Further research is needed across diverse geographic regions to develop optimal care strategies in a warming world.
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Observational Study
Interleukin 41 As A Potential Predictor of Bio-Therapy Efficacy In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Observational Study.
Introduction: A novel immunomodulatory cytokine IL-41 is associated with the pathogenesis of Graves disease, Kawasaki disease, gout, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to evaluate serum IL-41 level as a biomarker of the RA and disease activity treatment efficacy and patient responses. We also wanted to determine eventual potential predictors of IL-41 concentrations. ⋯ The only statistically significant predictor of higher IL-41 values was smoking. Conclusion: IL-41 may be a new potential biomarker that can help physicians evaluate treatment efficacy and predict patient responses. Smoking status is associated with the higher concentration of IL- 41 and clinical presentation of patients with RA.