Int J Med Sci
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Sarcoma is a rare tumor derived from the mesenchymal tissue and mainly found in children and adolescents. The outcome for patients with sarcoma is relatively poor compared with that for many other solid malignant tumors. Sarcomas have a highly heterogeneous pathogenesis, histopathology and biological behavior. ⋯ The telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) has recently been considered as a prognostic factor for patients with sarcomas, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) positivity has been correlated with poor outcomes in patients with several types of sarcomas. Therefore, telomeres and telomerases may be useful targets for treating sarcomas. This review aims to provide an overview of telomere and telomerase biology in sarcomas.
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Review
Evolution and advances in endovascular mechanical thrombectomy of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare type of stroke and standard treatment involves anticoagulation. However, for some special CVST patients who are ineligible for anticoagulation or refractory to conservative treatment, endovascular treatment (EVT) may be an effective option. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a commonly used treatment. ⋯ In addition, devices specifically designed for cerebral venous sinus and effective endovascular therapies are currently not well-established. This article summarizes different endovascular instruments and multimodal therapies for cerebral venous thrombosis. We also discuss the limitations, prospects, prognostic factors, and applications in special cases of interventional thrombectomy.
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are now recognized as key regulators in the epigenetic control of genetic expression, being involved in a wide range of cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their unique closed-loop structure endows them with stability and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them not only key regulatory molecules within the cell but also promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, particularly in hematological malignancies. ⋯ Furthermore, the review delves into the prognostic significance of circRNAs, underscoring their potential in predicting disease outcomes and treatment response. Given their extensive involvement in cancer biology, circRNAs present a frontier for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Review
Biological and Clinical Characteristics of Proximal Colon Cancer: Far from Its Anatomical Subsite.
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease which can be divided into proximal colon cancer, distal colon cancer and rectal cancer according to the anatomical location of the tumor. Each anatomical location of colorectal cancer exhibits distinct characteristics in terms of incidence, clinical manifestations, molecular phenotypes, treatment, and prognosis. ⋯ An increasing number of studies have highlighted the presence of unique tumor biological characteristics in proximal colon cancer. Gaining a deeper understanding of these characteristics will facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment approaches.
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of immune cells in the intima of arteries. Experimental and clinical evidence shows that both innate and adaptive immunity orchestrate the progression of atherosclerosis. The heterogeneous nature of immune cells within atherosclerosis lesions is important. ⋯ Precise targeting of specific immune system components involved in atherosclerosis, rather than broad suppression of the immune system with anti-inflammatory agents, can more accurately regulate the progress of atherosclerosis with fewer side effects. In this review, we cover the most recent advances in the field of atherosclerosis to understand the role of various immune cells on its development. We focus on the complex network of immune cells and the interaction between the innate immune system and adaptive immune system.