Int J Med Sci
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Metformin is the most often prescribed drug for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). More than 120 million patients with T2D use metformin worldwide. However, monotherapy fails to achieve glycemic control in a third of the treated patients. ⋯ The impacts of variations associated with various genes are analysed to identify and evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the therapeutic activity of metformin. The metabolic pattern of T2D and metformin is also indicated. This is to emphasise that studies of pharmacogenetics and metabolomics could expand our knowledge of metformin response in T2D.
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Review Meta Analysis
Smoking and Unstable Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases.
Smoking is a risk factor of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that could increase matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels, leading to unstable coronary artery plaque. The current review aimed to identify the relationship between smoking and MMPs in patients with ACS. Literature search was conducted from inception until March 2022 in three online databases. ⋯ Additionally, a meta-analysis of two studies resulted in an increased odd of ACS in smokers with MMP-3 5A allele versus non-smokers with MMP-3 6A6A allele (OR: 15.94, 95% CI: 10.63-23.92; I2 =55%). In conclusion, the current review highlights the role of MMPs in relation to smoking and ACS. The determination of these roles may help in identifying new ACS markers among smokers and the development of drug-targeted treatment.
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Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) proteins are a subfamily of evolutionarily conserved atypical homeodomain transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of triple amino acid loop extension homeodomain proteins. PBX family members play crucial roles in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes. ⋯ It also suggests a possible link between PBX1 in the two domains, which is expected to open up a new field for future exploration of cell homeostasis, as well as the regulation of endogenous danger signals. This would provide a new target for the study of diseases in various systems.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Long-Term Wear and Discontinuation of Orthokeratology Lenses on the Eyeball Parameters in Children with Myopia.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of long-term wear and discontinuation of the orthokeratology lenses (Orth-K) on the biological parameters of eyeballs in children with myopia. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 308 subjects with myopia were randomized to receive Orth-K (n = 154) or single vision spectacles (SVS) (n = 154) for 12 months followed by a 1-month withdrawal period. The axial length (AL), the central corneal thickness (CCT), the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the central lens thickness (CLT) were assessed at the baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 13 months (1-month after lens withdrawal). ⋯ Furthermore, at 12-months, CLT in Orth-K group was 3.35 ± 0.21 mm, significantly thicker than 3.31 ± 0.15 mm at baseline and thicker than 3.30 ± 0.05 mm in SVS group at 12 months (all p < 0.05). Lastly, ACD was not statistically different between Orth-K and SVS groups at any time point (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Orthokeratology lenses can effectively retard axial elongation, reversibly reduce CCT, increase CLT in myopic children, but have no obvious effect on ACD, indicating that Orth-K may significantly retard myopia without noticeable myopia rebound after interruption of Orth-K.
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Contemporary scientists need no "p value" and "relative risk" statistics to be exquisitely aware of the increasing prevalence of obesity and complications posed by obesity. It is now well recognized that obesity is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, vascular disease, tumors and reproductive disorders. ⋯ Herein, we mainly review detrimental influences of obesity in the complete process of female reproduction, including hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, oocyte maturation, embryo and fetal development. In the latter part, we view obesity-induced inflammation and discuss related epigenetic impact on female reproduction.