J Postgrad Med
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The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic burden of specific learning disability (SpLD) by estimating its direct, indirect, and intangible costs. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of variables on the economic burden. ⋯ SpLD is a cost-intensive disability (intangible > indirect > direct costs). Tuitions, which are not the therapy for SpLD, are the most costly component of indirect costs. Remedial education is the most costly component of direct costs.
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Pelvic fractures complicated by the presence of visceral injuries, open fractures and urethral or bladder injuries pose a significant challenge to treat. In these conditions internal fixation is usually contraindicated. ⋯ INFIX, a novel technique has been effective in managing anterior ring fractures and can be used as a substitute for internal fixation. We describe use of INFIX as EXFIX in three case scenarios where passing INFIX rod internally was precluded with favorable outcomes.
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Body adiposity measured by percentage of body fat (BF%) is found to be better predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than body mass index (BMI). Limited information exists showing relationship between BMI and BF% in North Indian population. ⋯ In this population, we have found strong correlation between BMI and BF% particularly at higher level of BMI and in younger females. There is need to conduct more robust prospective longitudinal studies to assess BF%, which is a better predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first and often the only investigation available prior to definitive therapy in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A good prognostic marker is the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on ECG. Our aim was to assess the correlation between ST elevation (STE) in ECG and the LVEF and thereby aid the prognosis of patients with STEMI. ⋯ The STE and STR% are useful surrogate markers in prognosticating patients irrespective of the type of STEMI.
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Decline in measles cases has not been uniform across countries and regions. Hence, we assessed the trend of measles from 1980 to 2016 with respect to WHO regions, World Bank income groups, and globally. ⋯ Current study showed that there was significant decline in the incident number of measles cases based on worldwide, regional, and income group estimates, but insufficient to achieve the measles elimination target by 2020.