J Res Med Sci
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Oropharyngeal dysphagia following stroke enhances the risk of dehydration, malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, persistent disablement, and even death. Screening of dysphagia has been shown to positively change health outcomes. The aim of the present study was to systematically introduce the published swallowing screening methods in patients with stroke and their appropriateness for detecting swallowing disorders following stroke with an emphasis on the methodological quality of their research studies. ⋯ We ultimately found four simple, valid, reliable, sensitive, and specific tests for screening swallowing disorders in the almost all acute alert stroke patients. Further validation and reliability assessing of screening tests need to follow a very accurate and well-established method in a large sample of the almost all acute alert stroke patients admitted to the hospitals.
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In recent times, tranexamic acid (TA) is claimed to have whitening effects especially for ultraviolet-induced hyperpigmentation including melasma. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical solution of TA and compare it with combined solution of hydroquinone and dexamethasone as the gold standard treatment of melasma in Iranian women. ⋯ This study's results introduce the topical TA as an effective and safe medication for the treatment of melasma.
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Pain is a common experience among mechanically ventilated patients. Pain among mechanically ventilated patients is aggravated by factors such as stage of illness, invasive procedures, and surgical interventions. The aim to this study was to investigate pain levels and predictors among mechanically ventilated patients during rest and routine nursing interventions. ⋯ Mechanically ventilated patients experience pain during rest as well as during routine nursing interventions. Pain levels were associated with age, heart rate, and diastolic BP. The age and past surgical history should be considered as important predictive factors.
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Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is the diagnostic choice for renal stone disease. Knowing the composition of a stone before passage can help to choose a better management. We sought to determine whether the Hounsfield unit (HU) measured by NCCT can predict the composition. ⋯ NCCT can differentiate just Calcium from non-calcium stones.
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Hypermobile joints are joints with beyond normal range of motion and may be associated with joint derangements. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) among soldiers and effect of training courses on related joint instabilities. ⋯ Military training can increase the incidence of ankle sprains and TMJ dislocations in hypermobility persons with higher BS in comparison with healthy people. Therefore, screening of joint hypermobility may be useful in identifying individuals at increased risk for joint instabilities.