Niger J Clin Pract
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Recent guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommend the use of ultrasonography in the central venous catheterization of children. In this study, we aimed to compare area measurements using ultrasonography and efficiency of varying Trendelenburg degrees on the area measurements, for two different entry points used as internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation points in newborns. ⋯ The use of 15° Trendelenburg positioning may have significant advantage for increasing the CSA when used with the inferior approach.
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the productive population that poses a considerable global public health burden. ⋯ DR screening among physicians practicing in Northwestern Nigeria was suboptimal, which prompts the need for improved training of physicians managing persons with diabetes on eye examination in a bid to strengthen DR screening and reduce the burden of visual impairment in our environment.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the root canal configurations of primary mandibular second molars (PMSMs) using Vertucci classification. Materials and Methods: The root canal types of 228 PMSMs (228 mesial and 228 distal roots) were evaluated. In addition, the relationship between external root morphology and Vertucci classification was investigated. The Chi-square test or Fisher Exact Chi-square test was used for the evaluations, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results: The most commonly observed root canal type, which was observed in 228 roots (50%), was Type 4 followed by Type 8 (15.79%), Type 5 (14.47%), Type 1 (9.21%), and Type 3 (6.57%). In 150 mesial roots, the root canal Type 4 was observed whereas the same type was observed in 78 distal roots, and the difference was significant (P < 0.001). In flat roots (82.9%), the most frequently observed root canal type was Type 4 (50.8%) (P < 0.001). ⋯ Various root canal types were observed in both mesial and distal roots although Type 4 was the most commonly observed. Root canal types showed a consistent relationship with separated and conical root shapes whereas the flat roots showed different root canal types.
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Aging is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength called sarcopenia which causes poor health and disability. There is paucity of data on this syndrome of public health importance among older Nigerians. ⋯ Older people in this setting are at risk of developing sarcopenia, especially the females. Healthcare workers should address the social and health-related factors which could lead to sarcopenia.
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Through the process of socialization, women and men are conditioned to behave and play different roles in society. While the African culture "rewards" women who have vaginal birth despite the cost to their health, the burden of reproductive decision-making is placed on the menfolk. However, these seem to be changing. ⋯ Culture remains an impediment to CS uptake. Most women preferred joint decision-making on the mode of delivery.