Niger J Clin Pract
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Angular deformities of the lower limbs are commonly encountered deformities in pediatric orthopedic clinics. The values of the tibiofemoral angle undergoes changes as the child grows and these changes are self-limiting. The aim of the study is to establish the normal variation of knee angles of children between 2 and 12 years of age in Enugu metropolis and to establish any correlation between the knee angles and the intermalleolar distances (IMDs). ⋯ The physiological changes in the knee angle (tibiofemoral) follow a similar pattern as established in the literature and there was positive correlation between IMD and the tibiofemoral angle.
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The successful treatment of patients with clonal hematological disorders (CHDs) depends largely on making an accurate diagnosis, which is, in turn, is dependent on performing specific diagnostic tests that are necessary. ⋯ Most of our patients had CHD diagnosis without the complete SRT, and this may cast doubt on the accuracy of diagnosis. Therefore, there is a crucial need for availability of more comprehensive laboratory services, especially in government-owned hospitals.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity of apically extruded debris after canal shaping with three single-file systems. ⋯ WaveOne Gold showed the best results regarding apical debris extrusion. Difference between WaveOne Gold and HyFlex EDM suggests that file design and motion kinematics affect the quantity of debris extrusion.