Pak J Med Sci
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Fat hypertrophy, intravascular coagulation, and fat emboli are important risk factors of steroid-induced ischemic bone necrosis (SI-IBN) which may develop during the initial one year after commencing the use of steroids. This pathology is best studied by MRI, particularly for its staging. The cautious strategies such as low dose, oral route, short duration of steroid usage, use of steroid sparing agent, and alcohol avoidance should be followed as a traditional therapy. The objective of this review article was to recognize and evaluate various Treatment strategies for steroid-induced ischemic bone necrosis of femoral head. ⋯ Bisphosphonates, alendronate, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments have been reported to be effective against IBN. To recommend the regular use of bisphosphonate in IBN patients, more evidences with a larger number of patients are required to verify its therapeutic effectiveness. Core decompression, osteotomy, bone graft and tantalum rod are the surgical approaches for the management of IBN. Advance form of IBN (bone tissue collapse) is advised to be treated with arthroplasty which should be durable, particularly in young patients.
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Air pollution is a hazardous environmental problem with several adverse health effects including its impact on the development of chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the association of geographical distribution of air quality index (AQI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an air-polluted city by using geographic information system (GIS). ⋯ Although the density of diabetic patients was higher in areas with higher air pollution, but the lack of association between AQI and the prevalence of diabetes might be because the air of different parts of the city was highly polluted, and we could not compare the prevalence of diabetes in areas with clean and polluted air.
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To evaluate the efficacy of preemptive intravenous oxycodone in the patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of ovarian tumor. ⋯ Preemptive intravenous oxycodone was an efficient and safe method to reduce intraoperative haemodynamic effect and postoperative pain.
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The success of endodontic treatment is based on cleaning and shaping of the root canals. The root canals have complex morphology and wide individual variations. The objective of this study was to analyze root canals morphology and existence of extra canals in maxillary molars in Saudi subpopulation. ⋯ The occurrence of second canal in the mesiobuccal root of upper first molar is very much likely (>70%). The mesiobuccal roots are more likely to have Vertucci's type I or II configuration (>76%). The palatal and distobuccal roots always have a Vertucci's type I canal configuration.
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To analyze the clinical significance of COX-2, GLUT-1 and VEGF expressions in endometrial cancer tissues. ⋯ COX-2, GLUT-1 and VEGF were highly prominent in endometrial cancer, especially in the patients with low degree of differentiation, late stage and metastasis. They functioned synergistically in the onset and progression of this cancer.