Pak J Med Sci
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To describe the efficacy of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery(FESS) in our set up in comparison with other published studies to treat primary and recurrent nasal polyposis. ⋯ Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is preferred as a primary treatment modality for primary and recurrent nasal polyposis. Mucosal polyps can be carefully debrided, the natural ostia enlarged, the ethmoid sinuses are unroofed, and sphenoid sinuses are opened in nasal cavity and sinus nasal mucosa is mostly preserved due to excellent visualization and surgical technique. Improvement in symptoms with minimal chance of recurrence may be expected in more than 90% patients.
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Acinetobacter baumannii species cause nosocomial infections and can subsequently develop multidrug resistance (MDR). The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of A. baumannii to a novel combination of colistin and tigecycline, which may provide a faster and more efficacious treatment via a synergistic effect. ⋯ Although combination therapy is suggested for MDR A. baumannii infections, our results suggest that the synergistic effect of the colistin-tigecycline combination is insufficient to make it an optimal treatment choice.
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Ectopic pregnancy in the interstitial part of the Fallopian tubes can be life-threatining considering the thin myometrial tissue surrounding the gestational sac and highly vascularization which may result in catastrophic haemorrhage when interstitium is ruptured. The diagnosis and management is challenging. Conservative, medical, and surgical treatment options should be considered based on individual patient factors. ⋯ Interstitial pregnancy can be successfully treated with a single dose systemic methotrexate when all criteria are met. The classical cornual wedge resection remains lifesaving operation for cases of ruptured interstitial pregnancy. Less invasive procedures such as laparoscopic assisted transcervical vacuum aspiration and diagnostic hysteroscopy followed by vacuum aspiration can be performed in selected cases.
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Osteoporosis is the well-known major complication in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Fewer reports are available of the relationship between bone loss and chronic HBV infection. We investigated the bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteoporosis in chronic HBV patients in comparison with healthy subjects. ⋯ Chronic HBV infection was associated with low BMD and increased the risk of developing subsequent osteoporosis.
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A defensible assessment is the cornerstone of health professions education and requires a careful approach from all the stakeholders involved in designing and delivering the curriculum. In this article, a framework is described using four essential attributes that define an effective assessment. These attributes include orientation and clarification of expectations for both faculty and students followed by a well-structured learning experience and constant evaluation of the assessment program.