Pak J Med Sci
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To compare improvement in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) by Full Time Occlusion (FTO) or Part Time Occlusion (PTO) technique in children with monocular amblyopia. ⋯ Full time occlusion in children with monocular amblyopia results in greater improvement in BCVA as compared to part time occlusion of six hours per day.
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Breast cancer incidence is increasing and it is highest in low income countries. The main challenge is regarding awareness, screening, late presentation and its management in a third-world country. Our objective was to share the experience faced in various presentations, diagnosis and management of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in a third world country and discuss if they are different with respect to developed countries. ⋯ In our series 65% of all breast cancers are LABC at presentation. In low/middle income countries high percentage of LABC at presentation result in high metastatic disease, poor prognosis and limits conservation of breast. Awareness and education can improve outcomes.
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Although Spinal anesthesia is the most common and safe anesthetic method for patients undergoing cesarean section, difficult access to it is a frequent problem in operating theaters. The predictive factors for the difficulty of spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section were investigated. ⋯ Increasing age, weight, body mass index, reducing the ability to bend the waist, the non-touching of the spinous process and interstitial space causes the difficulty of performing spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section. The results can contribute to determining and designing a spinal blockade scoring system based on the patient's characteristics and effective factors before the surgery, to facilitate the technique by anesthesiologist.
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To determine the outcome of early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in Pakistani patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ⋯ There was remarkable improvement in the arterial blood gases after NIPPV. However, the high mortality rate and significant number of COPD patients requiring mechanical ventilation necessitates further investigation into our population.
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To explore the Barriers and Priorities accorded to neo-natal hearing screening at government health policy level. ⋯ The barriers to NHS are lack of financial resource allocation by the federal government, and lack of research and reliable statistics about Hearing Impairment (HI) and its economic cost.