Pak J Med Sci
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To evaluate the impact of nephrostomy tube type on postoperative pain and blood loss following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). ⋯ The use of nephrostomy tube with balloon after PCNL as this is associated with less pain and comparable hemoglobin drop as compare to nephrostomy tube without balloon.
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Data about causes of chronic cough are lacking in our part of world. The aim of our study was to look for spectrum of causes in our setup and to determine a correlation between causes of cough and baseline factors of age, gender, and BMI and compare it to other populations. ⋯ Variability of epidemiology of cough variant asthma, allergic rhinitis and ACE-I induced cough is comparable to worldwide data while differences exist with epidemiology of interstitial lung disease. Further research is needed in the field to delineate the local trends in this regard and compare to other population groups.
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Open partial nephrectomy (PN) is still considered gold standard procedure for T1 localized renal tumors. Conventional technique involves clamping of the renal artery with or without vein however, renal ischemia produces a certain level of damage to the kidneys. This study aims to investigate potential effect of off-clamp vs. hilar clamping PN on renal function. ⋯ Off clamp open partial nephrectomy is safe and feasible option leading to less decline in renal function.
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To determine the patterns of maternal nutrition status by using mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and to examine the association of maternal nutritional status with the nutritional status of malnourished children under two years of age. ⋯ Malnutrition, in the form of both under nutrition and obesity is prevalent in mothers of malnourished children belonging to lower social class. Maternal illiteracy and low income are the major contributor in maternal malnutrition which in turn has an impact on child nutrition and breast feeding practices.
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To determine the risk factors, presentation and outcome of meningomyelocele repair. ⋯ The practice of periconceptional folic acid supplementation is essential to reduce the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing world. Improved maternal nutrition with access to quality antenatal care is vital to decrease the prevalence and health burden.