Pak J Med Sci
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The Covid-19 pandemic has caused large-scale disruption in almost all educational programs across the world. Planning and rapid implementation of assessment through an online format presents the next set of novel challenges that must be addressed by academic administrations across the globe. ⋯ In order to device an effective protocol for e-assessments conducting multiple trial runs, and incorporating feedback from all stakeholders is a necessity.
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Examine the effect of fasting during Ramadan on kidney functions in patients with chronic kidney disease. ⋯ Fasting during the month of Ramadan does not deteriorate kidney functions and even leads to a moderate improvement in kidney functions. Taking these results into consideration, fasting may be advised for patients with stage III-IV CKD who want to fast and remain in stable condition.
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To investigate the changes in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and hematological parameters among smokeless tobacco (SLT) users. ⋯ Significantly elevated CRP was observed in SLT users similarly hematological parameters also showed changes. WBCs, monocytes and ESR were significantly deranged among SLT users. Further studies looking into long term effects of these changes would be helpful.
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The current study aimed to determine the Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) risk due to increased use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) among cirrhotic patients with ascites. ⋯ Our results show that cirrhotic patients with ascites consuming PPIs are more likely to develop SBP as compared to non-PPI users.
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To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic cardiac autonomic neuropathy and its association with risk factors among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ⋯ CAN was highly prevalent in diabetic population that may lead to nephropathy and retinopathy in future. It is highly recommended to use sensitive and simple CARTs in clinics for early detection and early treatment of CAN.