Pak J Med Sci
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This study aimed to determine the incidence of extra pulmonary complications among critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and association of these complications with various inflammatory markers and degree of hypoxia. ⋯ Acute kidney injury, septic shock, cardiac injury, and electrolytes imbalance were the most common extra pulmonary complications among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Higher serum d-dimer levels were associated with acute liver injury, NSTEMI, ICU stay longer >3 days and invasive mechanical ventilation >2 days. Higher serum ferritin levels are associated with male sex and serve as an important predictor of ICU as well as hospital mortality.
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To determine hiatal variations in cases of backache and controls on radiographs and association of age groups with hiatal parameters in patients with backache versus normal individuals. ⋯ Strong positive correlation was determined with inverted "U" and "M" shapes, and level of apex at S1 with low backache.
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To assess the role of coronary arteries in acute coronary syndrome patients who have survived sudden cardiac arrest. ⋯ LAD has the most involvement among the coronary arteries (85.71%) in patients with sudden cardiac arrest.
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To determine the efficacy and safety of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration (ONSF) for salvaging acutely threatened vision in patients of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). ⋯ Optic nerve sheath fenestration is effective as well as a safe surgical procedure to salvage acutely threatened vision in patients of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension on maximal medical treatment.
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The scarcity of successful implementation of integrated modular curriculum in Pakistan created a lack of evidence-based insight into the process of curriculum transformation. We explored the issue by exploring challenges faced by faculty in implementing integrated modular curriculum. ⋯ The curricular shift precipitates demoralizing challenges at multiple levels & directions. The identified themes and connections provide the framework for a well-informed curricular shift.